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Smartnet acts as a repository of key reference material like reports, guidelines, model documents, case studies and research on topics relevant to the urban sector. The Smartnet Library has been catalogued based on sectors, sub-sectors and types of documents.
The Library can also be searched using the Advanced Search option for Document Titles, Authors / Organisations and Keywords.

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Journal
COVID Diaries: A Collection of Reflections during the Pandemic. New Delhi: National Institute of Urban Affairs, 2020.

COVID Diaries is a collection of opinion articles from members of the Smart Cities Mission national team as they navigate changes in their daily life and work routines during the Covid 19 lockdown period. The lockdown has been a time of challenges ranging from a sliding global economy, stalled...

COVID Diaries: A Collection of Reflections during the Pandemic. New Delhi: National Institute of Urban Affairs, 2020.
Journal

COVID Diaries is a collection of opinion articles from members of the Smart Cities Mission national team as they navigate changes in their daily life and work routines during the Covid 19 lockdown period. The lockdown has been a time of challenges ranging from a sliding global economy, stalled...

Report
Potential impact of COVID-19 on the Indian sanitation ecosystem. KPMG India, 2020.

COVID-19 has infected nearly 2.5 million people in more than 210 countries.2 Beyond the human tragedy, this pandemic has also ravaged the entire world economy. Human and economic cost is likely to be more significant for lower and middle-income countries, that generally have limited coverage and...

Report

COVID-19 has infected nearly 2.5 million people in more than 210 countries.2 Beyond the human tragedy, this pandemic has also ravaged the entire world economy. Human and economic cost is likely to be more significant for lower and middle-income countries, that generally have limited coverage and...

Water, sanitation, hygiene and waste management for the COVID-19 virus

In late 2019, an acute respiratory disease emerged, known as novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The pathogen responsible for COVID-19 is severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, also referred to as the COVID-19 virus), a member of the coronavirus family. In response...

In late 2019, an acute respiratory disease emerged, known as novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The pathogen responsible for COVID-19 is severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, also referred to as the COVID-19 virus), a member of the coronavirus family. In response...

Roadmap of WASH Ecosystem

Inspired by SBM,AMRUT, SCM and supported by USAID, National Institute of Urban affairs (NIUA) endeavoured to create an Innovation Hub for Urban Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (IHUWASH) solution in India.The project has contributed significantly in improving the urban WASH sector performance...

IHUWASH. Roadmap of WASH Ecosystem In The journey of Innovation Hub for Urban Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Solutions. Delhi: National Institute of Urban Affairs, 2019.

Inspired by SBM,AMRUT, SCM and supported by USAID, National Institute of Urban affairs (NIUA) endeavoured to create an Innovation Hub for Urban Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (IHUWASH) solution in India.The project has contributed significantly in improving the urban WASH sector performance...

Compendium
IHUWASH. Compendium of WASH Innovations in India In Accelerated through IHUWASH program. New Delhi: National Institute of Urban Affairs, 2019.

The Compendium of WASH Innovations in India contains the list of companies that applied for the IHUWASH Accelerator WASH Grand Challenge in January 2018. The companies listed in this document have been divided based on their respective sectors. The first section contains all the enterprises that...

IHUWASH. Compendium of WASH Innovations in India In Accelerated through IHUWASH program. New Delhi: National Institute of Urban Affairs, 2019.
Compendium

The Compendium of WASH Innovations in India contains the list of companies that applied for the IHUWASH Accelerator WASH Grand Challenge in January 2018. The companies listed in this document have been divided based on their respective sectors. The first section contains all the enterprises that...

City Progress Report - Mysuru

Mysuru is the second largest city in Karnataka. In 1903, with the establishment of the City Improvement Trust Board (CITB), Mysuru became one of the first cities in Asia to undertake planned urban development. Mysuru's WASH systems are under pressure due to migration and tourism. 

IHUWASH. City Progress Report - Mysuru. New Delhi: National Institute of Urban Affairs, 2019.

Mysuru is the second largest city in Karnataka. In 1903, with the establishment of the City Improvement Trust Board (CITB), Mysuru became one of the first cities in Asia to undertake planned urban development. Mysuru's WASH systems are under pressure due to migration and tourism. 

TTP Surat
Presentation On Tertiary Sewage Treatment Plant. Drainage Department, Surat Municipal Corporation, 2018.

This presenatation briefs about the sewage scenario in Surat,  futher explaining the need, process, capacity, productivity and utility of the existing sewage plants in the city with special mention of Bamroli TertiaryTreatment Plant.

Presentation On Tertiary Sewage Treatment Plant. Drainage Department, Surat Municipal Corporation, 2018.
TTP Surat

This presenatation briefs about the sewage scenario in Surat,  futher explaining the need, process, capacity, productivity and utility of the existing sewage plants in the city with special mention of Bamroli TertiaryTreatment Plant.

Pune Smart City brochure
Reimagining Pune. Pune Municipal Corporation, 2018.

This brochure is  gives a overview of the initiatives that are planned to be undertaken in Pune under the Smart Cities Mission.

Reimagining Pune. Pune Municipal Corporation, 2018.
Pune Smart City brochure

This brochure is  gives a overview of the initiatives that are planned to be undertaken in Pune under the Smart Cities Mission.

IHU WASH Project
IHUWASH Innovation Hub for Urban Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Solutions In Catalyzing Innovative Urban WASH Solutions. USAID , 2018.

The document gives a brief about the various elements of the USAID supported Innovation Hub for Urban WASH (IHUWASH) project.

IHUWASH Innovation Hub for Urban Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Solutions In Catalyzing Innovative Urban WASH Solutions. USAID , 2018.
IHU WASH Project

The document gives a brief about the various elements of the USAID supported Innovation Hub for Urban WASH (IHUWASH) project.

FSSM DPR preparation toolkit
,
FSSM DPR preparation toolkit
Training Module on Preparation Of Detailed Project Report For Faecal Sludge And Septage Management. Sanitation and Capacity Building Platform (SCBP), 2018.

With the goal to To build the capacity of cities and other stakeholders working in urban sanitation to ensure improved delivery of sanitation
services through decentralized approaches. SCBP platform presents two training modules on preperation of DPR for FSSM:

Part A: Presentation...

FSSM DPR preparation toolkit
,
FSSM DPR preparation toolkit

With the goal to To build the capacity of cities and other stakeholders working in urban sanitation to ensure improved delivery of sanitation
services through decentralized approaches. SCBP platform presents two training modules on preperation of DPR for FSSM:

Part A: Presentation...

ODF+ and ODF++
Declaring your City/Town SBM ODF+ and SBM ODF++ In Toolkit for Urban Local Bodies . New Delhi, India: Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, Government of India, 2018.

The purpose of this toolkit is to provide a readiness check and guideline for cities and towns that have already achieved Open Defecation Free (ODF) status as per the ODF protocol prescribed by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) and are working towards ensuring sustainability of...

Declaring your City/Town SBM ODF+ and SBM ODF++ In Toolkit for Urban Local Bodies . New Delhi, India: Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, Government of India, 2018.
ODF+ and ODF++

The purpose of this toolkit is to provide a readiness check and guideline for cities and towns that have already achieved Open Defecation Free (ODF) status as per the ODF protocol prescribed by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) and are working towards ensuring sustainability of...

SBM Best Practices
Urban), Swachh Bharat Mis. Transforming urban landscapes of India:Success Stories in Solid Waste Management. Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, Government of India, 2018.

The Swachh Bharat Mission, which aims to make India a clean nation by October 2019, is now well on its way to achieve its intended objective. Right from the inception of the mission, it has seen some exemplary stories of inspiration from all over the country. The increased participation from...

Urban), Swachh Bharat Mis. Transforming urban landscapes of India:Success Stories in Solid Waste Management. Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, Government of India, 2018.
SBM Best Practices

The Swachh Bharat Mission, which aims to make India a clean nation by October 2019, is now well on its way to achieve its intended objective. Right from the inception of the mission, it has seen some exemplary stories of inspiration from all over the country. The increased participation from...

World Bank
World Bank Group. Shared and Public Toilets,Championing Delivery Models That Work. New Delhi, India: The World Bank Group, 2018.

The Bank also launched a report titled, ‘Shared and Public Toilets: Championing Delivery Models that Work.’ The report highlights that many people who have individual household toilets may nevertheless suffer from a lack of toilet facilities as they spend many hours away from home. Furthermore,...

World Bank

The Bank also launched a report titled, ‘Shared and Public Toilets: Championing Delivery Models that Work.’ The report highlights that many people who have individual household toilets may nevertheless suffer from a lack of toilet facilities as they spend many hours away from home. Furthermore,...

WASH in Schools
Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in Schools: Global baseline report 2018. United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), 2018.

The global effort to achieve sanitation and water for all by 2030 is extending beyond the household to include institutional settings, such as schools, healthcare facilities and workplaces. This has been reinforced by global education for all strategies highlighting how water, sanitation and...

WASH in Schools

The global effort to achieve sanitation and water for all by 2030 is extending beyond the household to include institutional settings, such as schools, healthcare facilities and workplaces. This has been reinforced by global education for all strategies highlighting how water, sanitation and...

Guidelines
Guidelines on sanitation and health. World Health Organisation (WHO), 2018.

Safe sanitation is essential for health, from preventing infection to improving and maintaining mental and social well-being.

Developed in accordance with the processes set out in the WHO Handbook for Guideline Development, these guidelines provide comprehensive advice on maximizing the...

Guidelines on sanitation and health. World Health Organisation (WHO), 2018.
Guidelines

Safe sanitation is essential for health, from preventing infection to improving and maintaining mental and social well-being.

Developed in accordance with the processes set out in the WHO Handbook for Guideline Development, these guidelines provide comprehensive advice on maximizing the...

Compendium
Hudco Awards for Best Practices to Improve the Living Environment. Housing and Urban Development Corporation (HUDCO), 2018.

HUDCO compendium launched on World Habitat Day, compiles award winning entries in Urban Governance, Housing, Urban Poverty & Infrastructure, Urban Transport, Environmental Managment, ENergy Conservation and Green Building, Sanitation, Urban Design and Regional Planning.

Hudco Awards for Best Practices to Improve the Living Environment. Housing and Urban Development Corporation (HUDCO), 2018.
Compendium

HUDCO compendium launched on World Habitat Day, compiles award winning entries in Urban Governance, Housing, Urban Poverty & Infrastructure, Urban Transport, Environmental Managment, ENergy Conservation and Green Building, Sanitation, Urban Design and Regional Planning.

WASH Economy Report

The initial sections of the report briefly explain the economic aspects of the sanitation and snapshot of WASH economy in the country. It narrates the magnitude of economic losses associated with poor sanitation in developing countries. The section also highlights previous and current government...

IHUWASH. WASH Economy Report. New Delhi: National Institute of Urban Affairs, 2018.

The initial sections of the report briefly explain the economic aspects of the sanitation and snapshot of WASH economy in the country. It narrates the magnitude of economic losses associated with poor sanitation in developing countries. The section also highlights previous and current government...

Report
10 Innovative Approaches to Improve the Urban WA-S-H Sector in India In IHUWASH Project supported by USAID. New Delhi, India: National Institute of Urban Affairs, 2017.

The IHUWASH project aims to improve performance of the urban WASH sector in India by following a process of agglomeration (compilation of best practices), incubation (supporting innovative solutions) and acceleration (giving momentum to innovations). IHUWASH is a collaborative initiative of the...

10 Innovative Approaches to Improve the Urban WA-S-H Sector in India In IHUWASH Project supported by USAID. New Delhi, India: National Institute of Urban Affairs, 2017.
Report

The IHUWASH project aims to improve performance of the urban WASH sector in India by following a process of agglomeration (compilation of best practices), incubation (supporting innovative solutions) and acceleration (giving momentum to innovations). IHUWASH is a collaborative initiative of the...

Executive Summary
Reducing Inequalities in Water Supply, Sanitation, and Hygiene in the Era of the Sustainable Development Goals: Synthesis Report of the Water Supply, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Poverty Diagnostic Initiative . Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group, 2017.

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the World Bank’s corporate goals of ending extreme poverty and boosting shared prosperity call for specific attention to the poor and vulnerable. The overarching objective of the SDGs is to end poverty in all its forms, but their key difference from...

Executive Summary

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the World Bank’s corporate goals of ending extreme poverty and boosting shared prosperity call for specific attention to the poor and vulnerable. The overarching objective of the SDGs is to end poverty in all its forms, but their key difference from...

Booklet on Technology Options for FSSM
Options for Septage Treatment. New Delhi, India: National Institute of Urban Affairs, 2017.

This document has been prepared by the Centre for Water and Sanitation (C-WAS) at CEPT University for the Sanitation Capacity Building Platform particularly for supporting the trainings on Faecal Sludge Management. It acts as a compendium of various types of options for the treatment of Septage...

Options for Septage Treatment. New Delhi, India: National Institute of Urban Affairs, 2017.
Booklet on Technology Options for FSSM

This document has been prepared by the Centre for Water and Sanitation (C-WAS) at CEPT University for the Sanitation Capacity Building Platform particularly for supporting the trainings on Faecal Sludge Management. It acts as a compendium of various types of options for the treatment of Septage...

AP Governments Study Report on CAMUS-SBT
Report of the AP PHED Team on Study Visit to Mumbai from 15-16th May 2016 on Soil-Bio-Technology (SBT) based Sewage Treatment Plants. Public Health Engineering Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh, 2017.

In Urban Local Bodies, major quantity of waste water is being discharged directly in to rivers, tanks and creeks. It leads to environmental pollution and indirectly affects the health of citizens and of aquatic life. In major cities also, treatment and disposal of waste water is a big problem...

AP Governments Study Report on CAMUS-SBT

In Urban Local Bodies, major quantity of waste water is being discharged directly in to rivers, tanks and creeks. It leads to environmental pollution and indirectly affects the health of citizens and of aquatic life. In major cities also, treatment and disposal of waste water is a big problem...

Individual Toilets for Urban Slums - Kakinada
Individual Toilets for Urban Slums - Kakinada In India Smart Cities: Success Stories from Mission Cities. New Delhi, India: Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, 2017.

Kakinada Municipal Corporation aims to provide proper sanitation facilities to the poor citizens of the city dwellers. Under this agenda, a survey was conducted to assess the number of houses/ families in slum areas under Area Based Development (ABD), which do not have individual toilets. An...

Individual Toilets for Urban Slums - Kakinada In India Smart Cities: Success Stories from Mission Cities. New Delhi, India: Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, 2017.
Individual Toilets for Urban Slums - Kakinada

Kakinada Municipal Corporation aims to provide proper sanitation facilities to the poor citizens of the city dwellers. Under this agenda, a survey was conducted to assess the number of houses/ families in slum areas under Area Based Development (ABD), which do not have individual toilets. An...

Public Toilet Utilities on PPP Basis - NDMC
Public Toilet Utilities on PPP Basis - NDMC In India Smart Cities: Success Stories from Mission Cities. New Delhi, India: Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, 2017.

In order to address the sanitation needs, NDMC has devised an innovative Public Private Partnership (PPP) model where NDMC provides space for construction of Public Toilet Utilities (PTUs) along with some additional space, which the private sector can use for revenue generation. However, the...

Public Toilet Utilities on PPP Basis - NDMC In India Smart Cities: Success Stories from Mission Cities. New Delhi, India: Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, 2017.
Public Toilet Utilities on PPP Basis - NDMC

In order to address the sanitation needs, NDMC has devised an innovative Public Private Partnership (PPP) model where NDMC provides space for construction of Public Toilet Utilities (PTUs) along with some additional space, which the private sector can use for revenue generation. However, the...

Report
Capacity Needs Assessment: Addressing Urban Faecal Sludge And Septage Management. New Delhi, India: National Institute of Urban Affairs (NIUA), 2017.

NIUA created a national level capacity building partners platform called the Sanitation Capacity Building Platform (SCBP) in 2016 to support the Ministry of Urban Development focus on FSSM. The work was initiated in two towns each in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Andhra Pradesh. The capacity building...

Capacity Needs Assessment: Addressing Urban Faecal Sludge And Septage Management. New Delhi, India: National Institute of Urban Affairs (NIUA), 2017.
Report

NIUA created a national level capacity building partners platform called the Sanitation Capacity Building Platform (SCBP) in 2016 to support the Ministry of Urban Development focus on FSSM. The work was initiated in two towns each in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Andhra Pradesh. The capacity building...

FSSM Policy
National Policy on Faecal Sludge and Septage Management (FSSM). New Delhi, India: Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, 2017.

The key objective of the urban FSSM Policy is to set the context, priorities, and direction for, and to facilitate, nationwide implementation of FSSM services in all ULBs such that safe and sustainable sanitation becomes a reality for all in each and every household, street, town and city. Only...

National Policy on Faecal Sludge and Septage Management (FSSM). New Delhi, India: Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, 2017.
FSSM Policy

The key objective of the urban FSSM Policy is to set the context, priorities, and direction for, and to facilitate, nationwide implementation of FSSM services in all ULBs such that safe and sustainable sanitation becomes a reality for all in each and every household, street, town and city. Only...

Re-Cycling of Gray Water
,
Re-cycling Of Gray Water 2
Kagathara, Ex. Spl. City. Double Plumbing System & Recycling of Gray Water in Homes: An Approach to lower down consumption of water supply in Urban Areas., 2017.

This is a presentation on Gray Water Recycling shared by Rajkot Municipal Corporation. Gray water Recycling is a biggest source to save “Drinking Water”. Dual Plumbing System and recycling of treated gray water in new coming/constructing new Buildings can save fresh water going in to waste for...

Re-Cycling of Gray Water
,
Re-cycling Of Gray Water 2

This is a presentation on Gray Water Recycling shared by Rajkot Municipal Corporation. Gray water Recycling is a biggest source to save “Drinking Water”. Dual Plumbing System and recycling of treated gray water in new coming/constructing new Buildings can save fresh water going in to waste for...

E-Toilets – Solapur
E-Toilets – Solapur. New Delhi, India: Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, 2017.

Solapur is also of religious importance with more than fve lakh pilgrims visiting the Siddheshwar Temple, every year. However the city does not have adequate public conveniences facility for the large visiting/ floating population of the city. It has also been noticed that the hygiene routine...

E-Toilets – Solapur. New Delhi, India: Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, 2017.
E-Toilets – Solapur

Solapur is also of religious importance with more than fve lakh pilgrims visiting the Siddheshwar Temple, every year. However the city does not have adequate public conveniences facility for the large visiting/ floating population of the city. It has also been noticed that the hygiene routine...

Urban Sewage Treatment
Urban Sewage Treatment
Water Management: Urban Sewage Treatment (Self paced)

This course will focus on basic technologies for the treatment of urban sewage. Unit processes involved in the treatment chain will be described as well as the physical, chemical and biological processes involved. There will be an emphasis on water quality and the functionality of each unit...

van Lier, Jules, and Merle de Kreuk. Water Management: Urban Sewage Treatment (Self paced). Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), 2017.

This course will focus on basic technologies for the treatment of urban sewage. Unit processes involved in the treatment chain will be described as well as the physical, chemical and biological processes involved. There will be an emphasis on water quality and the functionality of each unit...

Urban Sewage Treatment
Urban Sewage Treatment

Wastewater: The Untapped Resource
The United Nations World Water Development Report 2017, Wastewater: The Untapped Resource In United Nations World Water Assessment Programme. Paris, France: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 2017.

The 2017 edition of the United Nations World Water Development Report, entitled “Wastewater: The Untapped Resource”, demonstrates how improved wastewater management generates social, environmental and economic benefits essential for sustainable development. In particular, the...

The United Nations World Water Development Report 2017, Wastewater: The Untapped Resource In United Nations World Water Assessment Programme. Paris, France: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 2017.
Wastewater: The Untapped Resource

The 2017 edition of the United Nations World Water Development Report, entitled “Wastewater: The Untapped Resource”, demonstrates how improved wastewater management generates social, environmental and economic benefits essential for sustainable development. In particular, the...

World Bank ICT in Sanitation
Bhatnagar, Vandana, Nidhi Batra, and Kanak Tiwari. Mainstreaming citizen feedback on service delivery using ICTs : findings and lessons from ICT-based feedback surveys on water supply and sanitation services in Indian cities. The World Bank, 2017.

The water and sanitation sector in Indian cities is characterized by weak accountability processes and lack of customer orientation. The institutional focus of service providers tends to be on creating new assets, rather than delivery of services and performance efficiency. Moreover, in the...

World Bank ICT in Sanitation

The water and sanitation sector in Indian cities is characterized by weak accountability processes and lack of customer orientation. The institutional focus of service providers tends to be on creating new assets, rather than delivery of services and performance efficiency. Moreover, in the...

Decentralised Wastewater System
Handbook on Decentralised Wastewater Treatment Module. New Delhi, India: National Institute of Urban Affairs, 2017.

This handbook is one of the knowledge products produced as part of the South Asia Urban Knowledge Hub (K-hub). The South Asia Urban Knowledge Hub (K-hub) was established in 2014 to improve policy making in the urban sector based on credible research and knowledge from across government, academia...

Handbook on Decentralised Wastewater Treatment Module. New Delhi, India: National Institute of Urban Affairs, 2017.
Decentralised Wastewater System

This handbook is one of the knowledge products produced as part of the South Asia Urban Knowledge Hub (K-hub). The South Asia Urban Knowledge Hub (K-hub) was established in 2014 to improve policy making in the urban sector based on credible research and knowledge from across government, academia...

FSTP at Leh
Faecal Sludge Treatment Plant (FSTP), Leh In Fact Sheet. BORDA South Asia, 2017.

The FSTP at Leh is required to handle both the challenges of high altitude and extreme climatic conditions as well as highly variable sludge inflow. This plant is designed by BORDA and CDD. The capacity can be increased easily by building PDB modules. Greenhouses can be built on the PDBs to...

Faecal Sludge Treatment Plant (FSTP), Leh In Fact Sheet. BORDA South Asia, 2017.
FSTP at Leh

The FSTP at Leh is required to handle both the challenges of high altitude and extreme climatic conditions as well as highly variable sludge inflow. This plant is designed by BORDA and CDD. The capacity can be increased easily by building PDB modules. Greenhouses can be built on the PDBs to...

FSM_Leh
FSM for Leh. NFSSM Alliance, 2017.

The FSTP at Leh is required to handle both the challenges of high altitude and extreme climatic conditions as well as highly variable sludge inflow. This plant is designed by BORDA and CDD. The capacity can be increased easily by building PDB modules. Greenhouses can be built on the PDBs to...

FSM for Leh. NFSSM Alliance, 2017.
FSM_Leh

The FSTP at Leh is required to handle both the challenges of high altitude and extreme climatic conditions as well as highly variable sludge inflow. This plant is designed by BORDA and CDD. The capacity can be increased easily by building PDB modules. Greenhouses can be built on the PDBs to...

Devenhalli
Faecal Sludge Management Devanahalli, Bangalore., 2017.

In coordination with Devanahalli’s Town Municipal Cooperation (TMC), CDD Society built a faecal sludge treatment plant (FSTP). The plant is successfully handling 100% of the sludge collected in Devanahalli today.

The success of the FSTP motivated the TMC to pass resolutions in order to...

Devenhalli

In coordination with Devanahalli’s Town Municipal Cooperation (TMC), CDD Society built a faecal sludge treatment plant (FSTP). The plant is successfully handling 100% of the sludge collected in Devanahalli today.

The success of the FSTP motivated the TMC to pass resolutions in order to...

Quality of Toilet
Quality and sustainability of toilets., 2017.

With an aim to ensure open defecation free (ODF) India by 2019, Swachh Bharat Mission has been progressing at a rapid pace. Since its start in October 2014, over four crore toilets have been constructed across rural India. Lakhs of villages and hundreds of districts are being declared ODF across...

Quality of Toilet

With an aim to ensure open defecation free (ODF) India by 2019, Swachh Bharat Mission has been progressing at a rapid pace. Since its start in October 2014, over four crore toilets have been constructed across rural India. Lakhs of villages and hundreds of districts are being declared ODF across...

Enabling FSM
A guide to strengthening the enabling environment for faecal sludge management. Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, 2017.

This Guide presents an introduction to conceptualising and strengthening the enabling environment for faecal sludge management (FSM) services in low-income urban areas.

It is based on WSUP’s experience working with Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to develop market-based solutions for...

Enabling FSM

This Guide presents an introduction to conceptualising and strengthening the enabling environment for faecal sludge management (FSM) services in low-income urban areas.

It is based on WSUP’s experience working with Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to develop market-based solutions for...

Toilet mapping
The Toilet Tracker: mapping sanitation in peri-urban Lusaka. Water & Sanitation for the Urban Poor, 2017.

This Practice Note introduces the Toilet Tracker, a new tool for supporting sanitation business development and public health monitoring.

Currently being tested in the peri-urban area of Kanyama, the Tracker enables information on the ownership, location, quality and emptying history of...

The Toilet Tracker: mapping sanitation in peri-urban Lusaka. Water & Sanitation for the Urban Poor, 2017.
Toilet mapping

This Practice Note introduces the Toilet Tracker, a new tool for supporting sanitation business development and public health monitoring.

Currently being tested in the peri-urban area of Kanyama, the Tracker enables information on the ownership, location, quality and emptying history of...

Case Study Ghana Sanitation
Scott, Pippa, Joana Forte, and Adrien Mazeau. Barriers and opportunities for sanitation SMEs: A study of the wider market system in Ghana. Water & Sanitation for the Urban Poor, 2017.

This Topic Brief presents a study of the wider market barriers and opportunities facing small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in sanitation in Ghana.

Conducted by i-San, the study aimed to understand the impact of these factors on the ability of businesses to reach low-income urban...

Case Study Ghana Sanitation

This Topic Brief presents a study of the wider market barriers and opportunities facing small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in sanitation in Ghana.

Conducted by i-San, the study aimed to understand the impact of these factors on the ability of businesses to reach low-income urban...

FSSM TOT toolkit
Training of trainers on Faecal Sludge and Septage Management In IFSM toolkit. CEPT University, 2017.

Septage Management is a significant element of urban sanitation. With Swachh Bharat Mission, Government of India has set an impressive target of univeral access to improved sanitation.

Citywide integrated Faecal Sludge Mangement (IFSM) planning involves assesment and planning accross the...

Training of trainers on Faecal Sludge and Septage Management In IFSM toolkit. CEPT University, 2017.
FSSM TOT toolkit

Septage Management is a significant element of urban sanitation. With Swachh Bharat Mission, Government of India has set an impressive target of univeral access to improved sanitation.

Citywide integrated Faecal Sludge Mangement (IFSM) planning involves assesment and planning accross the...

Guidebook_Maharashtra FSM
Guidebook for Urban Local Bodies to Implement Septage Management Plan. Urban Development Department, Government of Maharashtra, 2017.

In Maharashtra, only 32 cities are partially covered with sewer systems. Majority of household toilets are connected to onsite systems like septic tanks or pits. The new toilets constructed since the launch of Swachh Maharashtra Mission, Urban (SMMU) in 2015 by are being connected to septic...

Guidebook for Urban Local Bodies to Implement Septage Management Plan. Urban Development Department, Government of Maharashtra, 2017.
Guidebook_Maharashtra FSM

In Maharashtra, only 32 cities are partially covered with sewer systems. Majority of household toilets are connected to onsite systems like septic tanks or pits. The new toilets constructed since the launch of Swachh Maharashtra Mission, Urban (SMMU) in 2015 by are being connected to septic...

Rajasthan sanitation factsheet
Urban Rajasthan: Status & opportunities in septage. National Institute for Urban Affairs, 2017.

Rajasthan has a target of constructing 5 lakh toilets by 2017 in urban areas. It is expected to eliminate open defecation and will address the frst component of the sanitation value chain. However, the issue of proper collection, conveyance, treatment and disposal of the faecal sludge/septage...

Urban Rajasthan: Status & opportunities in septage. National Institute for Urban Affairs, 2017.
Rajasthan sanitation factsheet

Rajasthan has a target of constructing 5 lakh toilets by 2017 in urban areas. It is expected to eliminate open defecation and will address the frst component of the sanitation value chain. However, the issue of proper collection, conveyance, treatment and disposal of the faecal sludge/septage...

SOP swachh Railways
Swachh Railway Stations, Standard Operating Procedures. New Delhi, India: Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, 2017.

Railways is the most preferred mode of transport for the masses in India, running more than 11,000 trains, and handling approximately 13 million passengers every day. While providing services to the vast geography, it also bears heavy pressure of sanitation challenges due to the overwhelming...

Swachh Railway Stations, Standard Operating Procedures. New Delhi, India: Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, 2017.
SOP swachh Railways

Railways is the most preferred mode of transport for the masses in India, running more than 11,000 trains, and handling approximately 13 million passengers every day. While providing services to the vast geography, it also bears heavy pressure of sanitation challenges due to the overwhelming...

Swachh neighbourhood
My Swachh Neighbourhood In A multi-stakeholder approach towards a garbage-free society. Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, Government of India, 2017.

Guidelines on “Swachh Neighbourhood” being released by my Ministry, which lays out the definition, citizen engagement options, infrastructure norms, assessment & inspection procedures and checklists, for making our neigbourhoods ‘swachh’ and garbage free.This document can act as a ready...

My Swachh Neighbourhood In A multi-stakeholder approach towards a garbage-free society. Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, Government of India, 2017.
Swachh neighbourhood

Guidelines on “Swachh Neighbourhood” being released by my Ministry, which lays out the definition, citizen engagement options, infrastructure norms, assessment & inspection procedures and checklists, for making our neigbourhoods ‘swachh’ and garbage free.This document can act as a ready...

Swachh Schools
Swachh Schools: Standard Operating Procedure. New Delhi, India: Ministry of Urban Development, Housing & Urban Poverty Alleviation, Government of India, 2017.

The Hon‟ble Prime Minister launched the Swachh Bharat Mission on 2nd October, 2014 with a target to make the country clean and sanitized by 2nd October, 2019. As a part of the Swachh Bharat Mission mandate, it is imperative for all schools, to be well-maintained and clean, to move towards the...

Swachh Schools: Standard Operating Procedure. New Delhi, India: Ministry of Urban Development, Housing & Urban Poverty Alleviation, Government of India, 2017.
Swachh Schools

The Hon‟ble Prime Minister launched the Swachh Bharat Mission on 2nd October, 2014 with a target to make the country clean and sanitized by 2nd October, 2019. As a part of the Swachh Bharat Mission mandate, it is imperative for all schools, to be well-maintained and clean, to move towards the...

Swachh RWA
Swachh RWAs: Standard Operating Procedure. New Delhi, India: Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, 2017.

The Hon’ble Prime Minister launched the Swachh Bharat Mission on 2nd October, 2014 with a target to make the country clean and sanitized by 2nd October, 2019. Urbanisation has been the norm in India ever since Independence. And now with growing lucrative job opportunities available in urban...

Swachh RWAs: Standard Operating Procedure. New Delhi, India: Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, 2017.
Swachh RWA

The Hon’ble Prime Minister launched the Swachh Bharat Mission on 2nd October, 2014 with a target to make the country clean and sanitized by 2nd October, 2019. Urbanisation has been the norm in India ever since Independence. And now with growing lucrative job opportunities available in urban...

Swachh Survekshan
Swachh Survekshan In Guidelines for Urban Local Bodies. New Delhi, India: Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, Government of India, 2017.

The objective of the Swachh Survekshan survey is to encourage citizen participation, increase city capacities for sustainable ODF and sanitation measures and to create awareness amongst all sections of society about the importance of collective action to contribute in India’s journey towards a ‘...

Swachh Survekshan In Guidelines for Urban Local Bodies. New Delhi, India: Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, Government of India, 2017.
Swachh Survekshan

The objective of the Swachh Survekshan survey is to encourage citizen participation, increase city capacities for sustainable ODF and sanitation measures and to create awareness amongst all sections of society about the importance of collective action to contribute in India’s journey towards a ‘...

Septage Management
Septage Management: A Practitioner’s Guide In Urban India's journey beyond ODF. New Delhi, India: Centre for Science and Environment, 2017.

Most of urban India is dependent on onsite systems like septic tanks and pits for the disposal of septage. The number of such systems is only going to increase as India moves towards achieving the ambitious, country-wide goal of putting an end to open defecation. But in many onsite systems,...

Septage Management: A Practitioner’s Guide In Urban India's journey beyond ODF. New Delhi, India: Centre for Science and Environment, 2017.
Septage Management

Most of urban India is dependent on onsite systems like septic tanks and pits for the disposal of septage. The number of such systems is only going to increase as India moves towards achieving the ambitious, country-wide goal of putting an end to open defecation. But in many onsite systems,...

Innovative Wash solutions NIUA
5 Innovative WASH Solutions for an Inclusive Urban India. New Delhi, India: National Institute for Urban Affairs, 2017.

'5 Innovative WASH Solutions for an Inclusive Urban India’ is the second document (the first being 10 Innovative Approaches to Improve the Urban WASH Sector in India) in a series of publications by IHUWASH to sensitize stakeholders and bring to the fore, innovative and simplified WASH solutions...

5 Innovative WASH Solutions for an Inclusive Urban India. New Delhi, India: National Institute for Urban Affairs, 2017.
Innovative Wash solutions NIUA

'5 Innovative WASH Solutions for an Inclusive Urban India’ is the second document (the first being 10 Innovative Approaches to Improve the Urban WASH Sector in India) in a series of publications by IHUWASH to sensitize stakeholders and bring to the fore, innovative and simplified WASH solutions...

Wash Status report
Progress on drinking water, sanitation and hygiene: 2017 update and SDG baselines. World Health Organisation (WHO), 2017.

WHO and UNICEF established the Joint MonitoringProgramme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene in 1990, and published regular global updates throughout the= Millennium Development Goal period. This report is the first update of the SDG period. It is by far the most comprehensive global...

Wash Status report

WHO and UNICEF established the Joint MonitoringProgramme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene in 1990, and published regular global updates throughout the= Millennium Development Goal period. This report is the first update of the SDG period. It is by far the most comprehensive global...

Kayakalp Awards
Award to Public Health Facilities Kayakalp. National Health Mission, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, 2017.

The Swachh Bharat Abhiyan launched by the Prime Minister on 2nd October 2014, focuses on promoting cleanliness in public spaces. Public health care facilities are a major mechanism of social protection to meet the health care needs of large segments of the population. Cleanliness and hygiene in...

Award to Public Health Facilities Kayakalp. National Health Mission, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, 2017.
Kayakalp Awards

The Swachh Bharat Abhiyan launched by the Prime Minister on 2nd October 2014, focuses on promoting cleanliness in public spaces. Public health care facilities are a major mechanism of social protection to meet the health care needs of large segments of the population. Cleanliness and hygiene in...

10 Innovative Approaches to Improve the Urban WA-S-H Sector in India

The goal of the IHUWASH project is to improve performance of the urban WASH sector in the country through agglomeration, incubation, and accleration of innovations to address WASH issues. The first stage of this process, agglomeration refers to compiling the existing key innovations which have...

IHUWASH. 10 Innovative Approaches to Improve the Urban WA-S-H Sector in India. Delhi: National Institute of Urban Affairs, 2017.

The goal of the IHUWASH project is to improve performance of the urban WASH sector in the country through agglomeration, incubation, and accleration of innovations to address WASH issues. The first stage of this process, agglomeration refers to compiling the existing key innovations which have...

5 Innovative WASH Solutions for an Inclusive Urban India

The goal of the IHUWASH project is to improve the performance of the urban WASH sector in the country through agglomeration, incubation, and acceleration of innovations to address WASH issues. The first stage of this process, agglomeration, refers to the compilation of existing key innovations...

IHUWASH. 5 Innovative WASH Solutions for an Inclusive Urban India. New Delhi: National Institute of Urban Affairs, 2017.

The goal of the IHUWASH project is to improve the performance of the urban WASH sector in the country through agglomeration, incubation, and acceleration of innovations to address WASH issues. The first stage of this process, agglomeration, refers to the compilation of existing key innovations...

Innovative Toilet Concepts For Urban India

The document “Innovative toilet concepts for urban India” prepared under the IHUWASH project aims to highlight the latest efforts of individuals and organizations across the country in providing access to safe sanitation servic-
es with clean toilet facilities and achieve the SBM Goal. The...

IHUWASH. Innovative Toilet Concepts For Urban India. New Delhi: National Institute of Urban Affairs, 2017.

The document “Innovative toilet concepts for urban India” prepared under the IHUWASH project aims to highlight the latest efforts of individuals and organizations across the country in providing access to safe sanitation servic-
es with clean toilet facilities and achieve the SBM Goal. The...

Smart Sewerage
Smart Sewerage: Guideline No. 2.4 (iii)., 2016.

Guideline No. 2.4 (iii) provides for sanitation as a core element of a Smart City. The key features of a performance based management contract for a Smart Sewerage System are given.

View the document at: ...

Smart Sewerage

Guideline No. 2.4 (iii) provides for sanitation as a core element of a Smart City. The key features of a performance based management contract for a Smart Sewerage System are given.

View the document at: ...

Municipal Wastewater Management
Circular Economy Pathways for Municipal Wastewater Management in India: A Practitioner’s Guide. Washington, D.C.: 2030 Water Resources Group, 2016.

With rising spatial and temporal scarcity of water, municipalities are confronted with the challenge of identifying innovative yet cost-effective solutions to meet rising demands of urban, industrial, and agricultural communities. Structured as a practitioner’s guide and supported by the 2030...

Municipal Wastewater Management

With rising spatial and temporal scarcity of water, municipalities are confronted with the challenge of identifying innovative yet cost-effective solutions to meet rising demands of urban, industrial, and agricultural communities. Structured as a practitioner’s guide and supported by the 2030...

waster water _PWC
Closing the water loop: Reuse of treated waste water in urban India In Knowledge Paper., 2016.

Water stress has become a perennial concern in most Indian cities. India is expected to add approximately 404 million new urban dwellers between 2015 and 2050. This rapid urban growth will be linked with higher industrial output and greater energy demand, thus adding to the urban water stress....

waster water _PWC

Water stress has become a perennial concern in most Indian cities. India is expected to add approximately 404 million new urban dwellers between 2015 and 2050. This rapid urban growth will be linked with higher industrial output and greater energy demand, thus adding to the urban water stress....

Waste Water Treatmemt
Closing the Water Loop: Reuse of Treated Wastewater in Urban India. Gurugram: PwC India, 2016.

India’s urban population is growing at a fast pace and is expected to be approximately 50% of the total population by the next decade. While it can be argued that this can provide economic benefits, it also puts utilities under pressure to supply potable quality drinking water to the population...

Waste Water Treatmemt

India’s urban population is growing at a fast pace and is expected to be approximately 50% of the total population by the next decade. While it can be argued that this can provide economic benefits, it also puts utilities under pressure to supply potable quality drinking water to the population...

Sanitation Tool Compendium
Dey, Shramana, Sonali Anusree Patro, and Sujaya Rathi. Sanitation Tool Compendium. Bengaluru, India: Centre for Study of Science, Technology and Policy (CSTEP), 2016.

Sanitation, while a basic human right, is also a large and multifaceted sector that involves many different concepts and strategies. Often, projects related to sanitation are complex and require stakeholders to execute many different but crucial actions. Further, even existing projects need to...

Dey, Shramana, Sonali Anusree Patro, and Sujaya Rathi. Sanitation Tool Compendium. Bengaluru, India: Centre for Study of Science, Technology and Policy (CSTEP), 2016.
Sanitation Tool Compendium

Sanitation, while a basic human right, is also a large and multifaceted sector that involves many different concepts and strategies. Often, projects related to sanitation are complex and require stakeholders to execute many different but crucial actions. Further, even existing projects need to...

Urban Water Systems in India
Shah, Mihir. Urban Water Systems in India: A Way Forward In Working Paper 323. New Delhi: Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations, 2016.

Urban water and wastewater management are relatively under-studied subjects in India. The Indian urban space has been understood in an undifferentiated manner, which ignores the specificities deriving from the stage of urban development, the sources of water, as also the diverse nature of...

Shah, Mihir. Urban Water Systems in India: A Way Forward In Working Paper 323. New Delhi: Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations, 2016.
Urban Water Systems in India

Urban water and wastewater management are relatively under-studied subjects in India. The Indian urban space has been understood in an undifferentiated manner, which ignores the specificities deriving from the stage of urban development, the sources of water, as also the diverse nature of...

 Warrangal operative guidelines for FSM 2016
Septage Management (Capture to Disposal) - Regulations 2016., 2016.

The operative guidelines on septage management covering collection, transportation, treatment and disposal are issued by the Municipal Commissioner to ensure effective compliance with guidelines and standards at national and state level and achieve effective septage management. The operative...

 Warrangal operative guidelines for FSM 2016

The operative guidelines on septage management covering collection, transportation, treatment and disposal are issued by the Municipal Commissioner to ensure effective compliance with guidelines and standards at national and state level and achieve effective septage management. The operative...

Septage Management Guidelines for Maharashtra
Guidelines for Septage Management in Maharashtra In Swachh Maharashtra Mission (Urban). Urban Development Department, Government of Maharashtra, 2016.

The objective of this guideline is to facilitate all ULBs in Maharashtra to prepare an integrated faecal sludge management plan and implement a full septage management service in their cities. This would cover aspects across the service chain of on-site sanitation including safe collection,...

Guidelines for Septage Management in Maharashtra In Swachh Maharashtra Mission (Urban). Urban Development Department, Government of Maharashtra, 2016.
Septage Management Guidelines for Maharashtra

The objective of this guideline is to facilitate all ULBs in Maharashtra to prepare an integrated faecal sludge management plan and implement a full septage management service in their cities. This would cover aspects across the service chain of on-site sanitation including safe collection,...

Coursera: Planning & Design of Sanitation Systems and Technologies

About this course:

Do you want to learn how to plan affordable and context-specific sanitation solutions? Do you want to be updated on the newest developments in urban sanitation planning and programming? Do you want to get insights about best practices examples of urban...

About this course:

Do you want to learn how to plan affordable and context-specific sanitation solutions? Do you want to be updated on the newest developments in urban sanitation planning and programming? Do you want to get insights about best practices examples of urban...

An assessment of faecal sludge management (FSM) policies and programmes at the national and select states level in order to have
An Assessment of Faecal Sludge Management Policies and Programmes at the National and Select State Levels. New Delhi: WaterAid, India, 2016.

An assessment of faecal sludge management (FSM) policies and programmes at the national and select states level in order to have a country-wide perspective on FSM and guide the policy advocacy work on FSM within WaterAid India. The study was carried out by WaterAid India with support from its...

An assessment of faecal sludge management (FSM) policies and programmes at the national and select states level in order to have

An assessment of faecal sludge management (FSM) policies and programmes at the national and select states level in order to have a country-wide perspective on FSM and guide the policy advocacy work on FSM within WaterAid India. The study was carried out by WaterAid India with support from its...

FAECAL SLUDGE MANAGEMENT
Faecal Sludge Management. New Delhi: National Institute of Urban Affairs, 2016.

Sludge is a mixture of solids and liquids, containing mostly excreta and water in combination with sand, grit, metals, trash and/or various chemical compounds.

Faecal Sludge comes from onsite sanitation technologies, i.e. it has not been transported through a sewer. It can be raw or...

Faecal Sludge Management. New Delhi: National Institute of Urban Affairs, 2016.
FAECAL SLUDGE MANAGEMENT

Sludge is a mixture of solids and liquids, containing mostly excreta and water in combination with sand, grit, metals, trash and/or various chemical compounds.

Faecal Sludge comes from onsite sanitation technologies, i.e. it has not been transported through a sewer. It can be raw or...

SOP_ Swachh office
Swachh Office, Standard Operating Procedures. New Delhi, India: Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, 2016.

The “Swachh Office” rating was first conducted in 2015, as part of the Thematic Drive for cleaning government Offices and Buildings.It was repeated in 2016. The thematic drive for 16th-30th May 2016 is also on the same lines, and we are expecting an enthusiastic response not only from offices of...

Swachh Office, Standard Operating Procedures. New Delhi, India: Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, 2016.
SOP_ Swachh office

The “Swachh Office” rating was first conducted in 2015, as part of the Thematic Drive for cleaning government Offices and Buildings.It was repeated in 2016. The thematic drive for 16th-30th May 2016 is also on the same lines, and we are expecting an enthusiastic response not only from offices of...

SOP_swachh club
Swachh Clubs, Standard Operating Procedures., 2016.

Standard Operating Procedures for “Swachh Clubs”  lays out the infrastructure norms, assessment & inspection procedures and checklists, and sanitation and waste management best practices to be followed by clubs

SOP_swachh club

Standard Operating Procedures for “Swachh Clubs”  lays out the infrastructure norms, assessment & inspection procedures and checklists, and sanitation and waste management best practices to be followed by clubs

Ready recknor for ULB on ODF
Declaring your City/Town Open Defecation Free., 2016.

This manual on Open Defecation Free cities can be used as a ready reckoner for all Urban Local Bodies that are working towards their ODF goals. ULBs can follow the guidelines provided in the pages to prepare themselves to declare themselves as ODF, as per the prescribed protocols.
 

Ready recknor for ULB on ODF

This manual on Open Defecation Free cities can be used as a ready reckoner for all Urban Local Bodies that are working towards their ODF goals. ULBs can follow the guidelines provided in the pages to prepare themselves to declare themselves as ODF, as per the prescribed protocols.
 

ODF Behavioural change
Triggering for Behaviour Change towards Open Defecation., 2016.

 

The manual on Triggering for Open Defecation Free cities which can be a very useful ready reckoner for all Urban Local Bodies that are working towards their ODF goals. ULBs can follow the guidelines provided in the pages to trigger communities and educate the citizens on the harmful...

ODF Behavioural change

 

The manual on Triggering for Open Defecation Free cities which can be a very useful ready reckoner for all Urban Local Bodies that are working towards their ODF goals. ULBs can follow the guidelines provided in the pages to trigger communities and educate the citizens on the harmful...

SWH Working Paper 26
Forssberg, Brita, Per-Arne Malmqvist, and Helene Sörelius. "Process of change: Successful implementation of good water management practices in six cities." In Water in the sustainable city. Stockholm: Stockholm International Water Institute, SIWI, 2016.

Cities worldwide are facing growing challenges in storm water management. This working paper compiles experiences from Copenhagen, Dordrecht, Hamburg, London, New York and Seattle, based on interviews and a conference held in Gothenburg, Sweden in November 2014.

 

Forssberg, Brita, Per-Arne Malmqvist, and Helene Sörelius. "Process of change: Successful implementation of good water management practices in six cities." In Water in the sustainable city. Stockholm: Stockholm International Water Institute, SIWI, 2016.
SWH Working Paper 26

Cities worldwide are facing growing challenges in storm water management. This working paper compiles experiences from Copenhagen, Dordrecht, Hamburg, London, New York and Seattle, based on interviews and a conference held in Gothenburg, Sweden in November 2014.

 

Rapid Assessment Tool for City Septage Budgeting

The tool has been designed by MoUD to help cities in assessing the cost estimates for Faecal Sludge Mangement. Census data of 100 smart cities and 31 AMRUT Cities is built in to the tool. The Ministry aims to support 131 designated cities in India to implement citywide faecal sludge management....

Rapid Assessment Tool for City Septage Budgeting. New Delhi: Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, 2016.

The tool has been designed by MoUD to help cities in assessing the cost estimates for Faecal Sludge Mangement. Census data of 100 smart cities and 31 AMRUT Cities is built in to the tool. The Ministry aims to support 131 designated cities in India to implement citywide faecal sludge management....

Financing Mechanisms for Wastewater and Sanitation
Financing Mechanisms for Wastewater and Sanitation., 2016.

This report compiles the financing mechanisms utilized in the implementation of wastewater and sanitation projects in various countries. It aims to examine how these projects were financed and thus, provide insights into possible financing approaches that can be replicated, not only in the...

Financing Mechanisms for Wastewater and Sanitation

This report compiles the financing mechanisms utilized in the implementation of wastewater and sanitation projects in various countries. It aims to examine how these projects were financed and thus, provide insights into possible financing approaches that can be replicated, not only in the...

Case study of sustainable sanitation projects
Schröder, Enno. Upscaling Basic Sanitation for the Urban Poor (UBSUP) in Kenya. Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA), 2016.

UBSUP is a country-wide up-scaling programme aimed at providing access to basic household sanitation across all Kenyan urban low income areas. Implemented through licensed water utilities, UBSUP concept covers the entire sanitation service chain: it incorporates a social marketing concept,...

Schröder, Enno. Upscaling Basic Sanitation for the Urban Poor (UBSUP) in Kenya. Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA), 2016.
Case study of sustainable sanitation projects

UBSUP is a country-wide up-scaling programme aimed at providing access to basic household sanitation across all Kenyan urban low income areas. Implemented through licensed water utilities, UBSUP concept covers the entire sanitation service chain: it incorporates a social marketing concept,...

Sanitation_digitisation
Toilet Board Coalition. The Digitisation of Sanitation: Transformation to smart, scalable and aspirational sanitation for all. Geneva, Switzerland: The Toilet Board Coalition (TCB), 2016.

In 2016 the Toilet Board Coalition ran a Feasibility Study to explore the potential role of mobile and digital applications to drive efficiencies and consumer demand in sanitation business models operating in low-income markets. The following questions were at the centre of the inquiry:

...

Sanitation_digitisation

In 2016 the Toilet Board Coalition ran a Feasibility Study to explore the potential role of mobile and digital applications to drive efficiencies and consumer demand in sanitation business models operating in low-income markets. The following questions were at the centre of the inquiry:

...

persuasion for toilets
Patimo, Francesco, and Carolyn Jones. 'Get a Toilet': Building demand for toilets. The Toilet Board Coalition (TCB), 2016.

Sustainable sanitation solutions need to take both infrastructure – the hardware – and cultural barriers and behaviour – the software – into account. This report is about developing demand propositions for sanitation marketing – pulling people towards wanting a toilet in their homes. It’s about...

Patimo, Francesco, and Carolyn Jones. 'Get a Toilet': Building demand for toilets. The Toilet Board Coalition (TCB), 2016.
persuasion for toilets

Sustainable sanitation solutions need to take both infrastructure – the hardware – and cultural barriers and behaviour – the software – into account. This report is about developing demand propositions for sanitation marketing – pulling people towards wanting a toilet in their homes. It’s about...

Mapping Sanitation
Roma, Dr Elisa, and Dr Val Curtis. Mapping Sanitation Solutions: A report in collaboration with LSHTM and DOMESTOS. The Toilet Board Coalition (TCB), 2016.

This report surveys emerging sanitation solutions, especially from the perspective of sanitation as a business. Having done a horizon scan of 41 approaches drawn from countries in Africa, Asia, South East Asia and Latin America, the writers selected 19 to feature in the report. These were chosen...

Mapping Sanitation

This report surveys emerging sanitation solutions, especially from the perspective of sanitation as a business. Having done a horizon scan of 41 approaches drawn from countries in Africa, Asia, South East Asia and Latin America, the writers selected 19 to feature in the report. These were chosen...

Future models_Sanitation
Hague, Jonathan. Building Future Sanitation Models. The Toilet Board Coalition (TCB), 2016.

This report focuses on understanding how new technologies and future sanitation models may be harnessed to accelerate the goal of increasing access to affordable, hygienic, economically and environmentally sustainable sanitation.

Hague, Jonathan. Building Future Sanitation Models. The Toilet Board Coalition (TCB), 2016.
Future models_Sanitation

This report focuses on understanding how new technologies and future sanitation models may be harnessed to accelerate the goal of increasing access to affordable, hygienic, economically and environmentally sustainable sanitation.

Environment NYC presentation
Green Infrastructure: Managing Stormwater in NYC; A Teacher’s Guide and Classroom Resource. Department of Environmental Protection,New York City, 2016.

Thir presentation by New York, Department of Environment is used as an aid by teachers to help students understand
 Stormwater
 Combined Sewer System
 Combined Sewer Overflows
 Our Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System
 Separate Storm Sewer Discharges
...

Green Infrastructure: Managing Stormwater in NYC; A Teacher’s Guide and Classroom Resource. Department of Environmental Protection,New York City, 2016.
Environment NYC presentation

Thir presentation by New York, Department of Environment is used as an aid by teachers to help students understand
 Stormwater
 Combined Sewer System
 Combined Sewer Overflows
 Our Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System
 Separate Storm Sewer Discharges
...

State of sewers
Bill de Blasio, and Vincent Sapienza. State of the Sewers 2016, Performance Metrics. Department of Environmental Protection, New York City, 2016.

The New York City Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) protects public health and the environment by supplying clean drinking water, collecting and treating wastewater, and reducing air, noise, and hazardous materials pollution. To achieve this mission, DEP operates and maintains 7,500...

Bill de Blasio, and Vincent Sapienza. State of the Sewers 2016, Performance Metrics. Department of Environmental Protection, New York City, 2016.
State of sewers

The New York City Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) protects public health and the environment by supplying clean drinking water, collecting and treating wastewater, and reducing air, noise, and hazardous materials pollution. To achieve this mission, DEP operates and maintains 7,500...

Sanitation and Safety Planning
Sanitation and Safety Planning In Manual for safe use and disposal of wastewater, greywater and excreta. World Health Organisation (WHO), 2016.

Sanitation Safety Planning (SSP) is a step-by-step risk based approach to assist in the implementation of the 2006 WHO Guidelines for Safe Use of Wastewater, Excreta and Greywater in Agriculture and Aquaculture. The approach can be applied to all sanitary systems to ensure the system is managed...

Sanitation and Safety Planning In Manual for safe use and disposal of wastewater, greywater and excreta. World Health Organisation (WHO), 2016.
Sanitation and Safety Planning

Sanitation Safety Planning (SSP) is a step-by-step risk based approach to assist in the implementation of the 2006 WHO Guidelines for Safe Use of Wastewater, Excreta and Greywater in Agriculture and Aquaculture. The approach can be applied to all sanitary systems to ensure the system is managed...

Swachhta Status report
Swachhta Status Report 2016. New Delhi, India: National Sample Survey Office, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, 2016.

A Rapid Survey on Swachhta Status was conducted by the NSSO during May-June 2015 alongside its regular 72nd Round (July 2014-June 2015) survey covering 3788 villages and 2907 urban blocks. The number of households surveyed was 73,176 in rural India and 41,538 in urban India.  The survey aims to...

Swachhta Status Report 2016. New Delhi, India: National Sample Survey Office, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, 2016.
Swachhta Status report

A Rapid Survey on Swachhta Status was conducted by the NSSO during May-June 2015 alongside its regular 72nd Round (July 2014-June 2015) survey covering 3788 villages and 2907 urban blocks. The number of households surveyed was 73,176 in rural India and 41,538 in urban India.  The survey aims to...

Guidelines for open defecation free (ODF) sustainability
Guidelines for Open Defecation Free (ODF) sustainability. New Delhi, India: Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation, Government of India, 2016.

These Guidelines are indicative and meant for guidance of states to eveolve their own mechanism for ODF verification.

Guidelines for Open Defecation Free (ODF) sustainability. New Delhi, India: Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation, Government of India, 2016.
Guidelines for open defecation free (ODF) sustainability

These Guidelines are indicative and meant for guidance of states to eveolve their own mechanism for ODF verification.

Primer on FSSM
Primer on Faecal Sludge and Septage Management. New Delhi, India: Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, 2016.

We know that on-site sanitation systems along with faecal waste/septage treatment plants have been successfully implemented in cities across Africa and the South East Asia. To bring about quick improvements in sanitation levels across urban areas in India and stop
dangerous practices such...

Primer on Faecal Sludge and Septage Management. New Delhi, India: Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, 2016.
Primer on FSSM

We know that on-site sanitation systems along with faecal waste/septage treatment plants have been successfully implemented in cities across Africa and the South East Asia. To bring about quick improvements in sanitation levels across urban areas in India and stop
dangerous practices such...

FSSM handbook
Making Cities Open Defecation Free: Systematic Approach in Maharastra. Urban Development Department, Government of Maharashtra, 2016.

In Maharashtra, nearly one in three urban households do not have a toilet on premise. This was due to constrains related to space, finance, tenure, building permission, lack of awareness etc. Since the launchof Swachh Maharashtra Mission, Urban (SMMU) in 2015 by Government of Maharashtra, the...

Making Cities Open Defecation Free: Systematic Approach in Maharastra. Urban Development Department, Government of Maharashtra, 2016.
FSSM handbook

In Maharashtra, nearly one in three urban households do not have a toilet on premise. This was due to constrains related to space, finance, tenure, building permission, lack of awareness etc. Since the launchof Swachh Maharashtra Mission, Urban (SMMU) in 2015 by Government of Maharashtra, the...

Maharashtra ODF free
Sustaining Cities To Be Open Defecation Free (ODF) In Guidelines for Urban Local Bodies. Urban Development Department, Government of Maharashtra, 2016.

Under the Swachh Maharashtra Mission (Urban), the Government of Maharashtra envisages ‘ODF communities’ moving towards ‘ODF+ and
ODF++ communities’ by addressing the entire service chain of sanitation and not focussing only on the number of toilets constructed in the cities. The Government...

Sustaining Cities To Be Open Defecation Free (ODF) In Guidelines for Urban Local Bodies. Urban Development Department, Government of Maharashtra, 2016.
Maharashtra ODF free

Under the Swachh Maharashtra Mission (Urban), the Government of Maharashtra envisages ‘ODF communities’ moving towards ‘ODF+ and
ODF++ communities’ by addressing the entire service chain of sanitation and not focussing only on the number of toilets constructed in the cities. The Government...

Maharashtra Case Study
The Pioneers: Making Maharashtra ODF., 2016.

The Swachh Maharashtra Mission (Urban) was launched by the State government with the aim of creating ‘Sustainable ODF communities’. In a short span of time, the mission has resulted in 52 ODF cities. This document summarises the initiatives taken by ODF cities to achieve and sustain ODF status....

Maharashtra Case Study

The Swachh Maharashtra Mission (Urban) was launched by the State government with the aim of creating ‘Sustainable ODF communities’. In a short span of time, the mission has resulted in 52 ODF cities. This document summarises the initiatives taken by ODF cities to achieve and sustain ODF status....

Maharashtra_ ODF_technological solutions
The Change Makers, Making Maharashtra ODF and Clean In Documentation of Innovative Practices. Urban Development Department, Government of Maharashtra, 2016.

Since the launch of Swachh Maharashtra Mission (Urban) in 2015 by the Government of Maharashtra, the cities have shown dedicated efforts in promoting the mission and increasing their own capacities towards the realization of this goal. Maharashtra proudly hosts 52 open defecation free cities...

The Change Makers, Making Maharashtra ODF and Clean In Documentation of Innovative Practices. Urban Development Department, Government of Maharashtra, 2016.
Maharashtra_ ODF_technological solutions

Since the launch of Swachh Maharashtra Mission (Urban) in 2015 by the Government of Maharashtra, the cities have shown dedicated efforts in promoting the mission and increasing their own capacities towards the realization of this goal. Maharashtra proudly hosts 52 open defecation free cities...

FSM introduction
Faecal Sludge Management: Planning, Financing, Implementation. New Delhi, India: National Institute for Urban Affairs, 2016.

This is overview document to introduce Faecal Sludge Management in context of India.

Faecal Sludge Management: Planning, Financing, Implementation. New Delhi, India: National Institute for Urban Affairs, 2016.
FSM introduction

This is overview document to introduce Faecal Sludge Management in context of India.

Swachh roads
Swachh Roads, Standard Operating Procedures. New Delhi, India: Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, 2016.

We present the Standard Operating Procedures for “Swachh Roads”. It enlists various infrastructure norms, assessment & inspection procedures and checklists, and sanitation and waste management best practices to be followed by roads. For uniform cleanliness guidelines it is essential to have...

Swachh Roads, Standard Operating Procedures. New Delhi, India: Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, 2016.
Swachh roads

We present the Standard Operating Procedures for “Swachh Roads”. It enlists various infrastructure norms, assessment & inspection procedures and checklists, and sanitation and waste management best practices to be followed by roads. For uniform cleanliness guidelines it is essential to have...

World Bank Financing Sanitation
Weitz, Almud, Ravi KumarJoseph, and Rajiv Raman. Financial Requirements of Urban Sanitation in India. The World Bank Group, 2016.

The United Nations (UN) Urbanization Prospects report (2009) indicated that the world will become predominantly urban in a few years. The increasing interest in urban affairs (policy and praxis), the renewal mission and the shift in global economic growth towards China and India fueled increased...

World Bank Financing Sanitation

The United Nations (UN) Urbanization Prospects report (2009) indicated that the world will become predominantly urban in a few years. The increasing interest in urban affairs (policy and praxis), the renewal mission and the shift in global economic growth towards China and India fueled increased...

Capital Financing Approaches
Joseph, Ravi Kumar, Shubhra Jain, and Gayathri Ramesh. Approaches to capital financing and cost recovery in sewerage schemes implemented in India : lessons learned and approaches for future schemes . The World Bank Group, 2016.

This report aims to highlight some of the successful financial management practices adopted by Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) in India when implementing sewerage schemes. The findings are presented in two parts, the first part of the report discusses the approach adopted for capital financing of...

Capital Financing Approaches

This report aims to highlight some of the successful financial management practices adopted by Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) in India when implementing sewerage schemes. The findings are presented in two parts, the first part of the report discusses the approach adopted for capital financing of...

Sanitation in Slums in India
Bapat, Meera, Barkha Goel, Pravin Santosh More, Rajiv Raman, and Somnath Sen. Community slum sanitation in India : a practitioner’s guide . The World Bank Group, 2016.

Following the launch of the National Urban Sanitation Policy (NUSP, 2008), a number of initiatives were taken: states formulated their State Sanitation Strategies, and more than 150 cities drafted or are in the process of drafting the City Sanitation Plans (CSPs, by March 2014). The NUSP...

Sanitation in Slums in India

Following the launch of the National Urban Sanitation Policy (NUSP, 2008), a number of initiatives were taken: states formulated their State Sanitation Strategies, and more than 150 cities drafted or are in the process of drafting the City Sanitation Plans (CSPs, by March 2014). The NUSP...

WASH factsheet
The World Bank Group. Domestic private sector participation : India . The World Bank Group, 2016.

In urban areas, piped water supply and sanitation are predominantly provided by urban local bodies (municipalities) in charge of operations and maintenance (O and M). In rural areas, there are about 100,000 water supply systems and, in some states, responsibility for service provision is being...

WASH factsheet

In urban areas, piped water supply and sanitation are predominantly provided by urban local bodies (municipalities) in charge of operations and maintenance (O and M). In rural areas, there are about 100,000 water supply systems and, in some states, responsibility for service provision is being...

Developing Business Models for Fecal Sludge Management in Maputo
Hawkins, Peter, and Odete Muxímpua. Developing Business Models for Fecal Sludge Management in Maputo. Washington DC: The World Bank, 2015.

Only 9% of households in Maputo are connected to a sewerage system, whilst 41% rely on pit latrines and 49% use septic tanks and pour-flush toilets. Although almost 90% of Maputo residents have access to a hygienic excreta disposal facility as defined by the World Health Organization/ The United...

Developing Business Models for Fecal Sludge Management in Maputo

Only 9% of households in Maputo are connected to a sewerage system, whilst 41% rely on pit latrines and 49% use septic tanks and pour-flush toilets. Although almost 90% of Maputo residents have access to a hygienic excreta disposal facility as defined by the World Health Organization/ The United...

Urban Sanitation
Urban Sanitation In Compendium of Global Good Practices. New Delhi: National Institute of Urban Affairs, 2015.

In an effort to fill the critical knowledge gaps for efficient service delivery in Indian cities, a number of good practices from across the globe have been compiled to address specific issues in the areas of water supply, sanitation, solid waste management, urban mobility, and the incorporation...

Urban Sanitation In Compendium of Global Good Practices. New Delhi: National Institute of Urban Affairs, 2015.
Urban Sanitation

In an effort to fill the critical knowledge gaps for efficient service delivery in Indian cities, a number of good practices from across the globe have been compiled to address specific issues in the areas of water supply, sanitation, solid waste management, urban mobility, and the incorporation...

Volume 1
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Volume 2
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Volume 3
Urban Green Growth Strategies for Indian Cities. Vol. 3. Delhi: ICLEI - Local Governments for Sustainability, South Asia, 2015.

This research is a collection of fifteen urban practices that represent how cities in India respond locally to the urban challenges they face, through the adoption of green growth approaches. The cases have been chosen to illustrate themes on environment, economy, energy, housing, transport,...

Urban Green Growth Strategies for Indian Cities. Vol. 3. Delhi: ICLEI - Local Governments for Sustainability, South Asia, 2015.
Volume 1
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Volume 2
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Volume 3

This research is a collection of fifteen urban practices that represent how cities in India respond locally to the urban challenges they face, through the adoption of green growth approaches. The cases have been chosen to illustrate themes on environment, economy, energy, housing, transport,...

Urban WASH Strategy
M., Dash, C Ganapathy, Srivastava P., and Verghese G.. Urban WASH Strategy. New Delhi: WaterAid, India, 2015.

This document is WaterAid India's country strategy on urban water supply, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). It is structured into three parts that illustrate a sector analysis, thematic focus and objectives, and, a strategic roadmap to achieve these objectives. This urban strategy document is an...

M., Dash, C Ganapathy, Srivastava P., and Verghese G.. Urban WASH Strategy. New Delhi: WaterAid, India, 2015.
Urban WASH Strategy

This document is WaterAid India's country strategy on urban water supply, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). It is structured into three parts that illustrate a sector analysis, thematic focus and objectives, and, a strategic roadmap to achieve these objectives. This urban strategy document is an...

elearning
E-Learning Portal for Swachh Bharat (Urban)., 2015.

One of the key objectives of the Swachh Bharat Mission is to ensure its sustainability by strengthening the capacities of the stakeholders, by familiarizing them with new concepts in the field of sanitation and waste management.This portal draws from the leading practices in sanitation sector...

elearning

One of the key objectives of the Swachh Bharat Mission is to ensure its sustainability by strengthening the capacities of the stakeholders, by familiarizing them with new concepts in the field of sanitation and waste management.This portal draws from the leading practices in sanitation sector...

namma toilet_ Case Study
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Tender Document and Agreement
Namma Toilet: A High Quality Toilet Solution., 2015.

Namma Toilet is an initiative by the Commisionarate of Municipal Administration, Tamil Nadu along with participation of Urbane Industries Ltd to eradicate open defecation in the State. The public and community toilets currently built by the government are rendered useless within a short period...

namma toilet_ Case Study
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Tender Document and Agreement

Namma Toilet is an initiative by the Commisionarate of Municipal Administration, Tamil Nadu along with participation of Urbane Industries Ltd to eradicate open defecation in the State. The public and community toilets currently built by the government are rendered useless within a short period...

Phytorid Technology
Phytorid Technology for Treatment of Sewage. Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation, Government of India, 2015.

A huge quantity of sewage which is generated in rural and urban areas remains untreated and disposed off in water bodies as is due to the limited capacities of centralised treatment. In order to rejuvenate the rivers and lakes it is extremely necessary to stop the flow of untreated waste from...

Phytorid Technology for Treatment of Sewage. Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation, Government of India, 2015.
Phytorid Technology

A huge quantity of sewage which is generated in rural and urban areas remains untreated and disposed off in water bodies as is due to the limited capacities of centralised treatment. In order to rejuvenate the rivers and lakes it is extremely necessary to stop the flow of untreated waste from...

Swachh Bharat Mission Finance
The World Bank Group. INDIA: Swachh Bharat Mission Support Operation (Program-for-Results): Fiduciary Systems Assessment . The World Bank Group, 2015.

A fiduciary systems assessment (FSA) was carried out to evaluate the arrangements relevant to the operation and to determine whether they provide reasonable assurance that the operation funds will be used for their intended purpose. Taking into account the improvements required and the agreement...

Swachh Bharat Mission Finance

A fiduciary systems assessment (FSA) was carried out to evaluate the arrangements relevant to the operation and to determine whether they provide reasonable assurance that the operation funds will be used for their intended purpose. Taking into account the improvements required and the agreement...

Wastewater Management
Singh, Mr. Bajinder P.. Policy Guidance Manual on Wastewater Management. United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP),, 2015.

This "Policy Guidance Manual on Wastewater Management With a Special Emphasis on Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Systems (DEWATS)" has been developed based on experience of the policy makers and in consultations with relevant stakeholders at country and regional level and was shared in its...

Singh, Mr. Bajinder P.. Policy Guidance Manual on Wastewater Management. United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP),, 2015.
Wastewater Management

This "Policy Guidance Manual on Wastewater Management With a Special Emphasis on Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Systems (DEWATS)" has been developed based on experience of the policy makers and in consultations with relevant stakeholders at country and regional level and was shared in its...

Guidelines for Swachh Bharat Mission
Guidelines for Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM). New Delhi, India: Ministry of Urban Development, Govt. of India, 2014.

The Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) emanates from the vision of the Government articulated in the address of The President of India in his address to the Joint Session of Parliament on 9th June 2014: “We must not tolerate the indignity of homes without toilets and public spaces littered with...

Guidelines for Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM). New Delhi, India: Ministry of Urban Development, Govt. of India, 2014.
Guidelines for Swachh Bharat Mission

The Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) emanates from the vision of the Government articulated in the address of The President of India in his address to the Joint Session of Parliament on 9th June 2014: “We must not tolerate the indignity of homes without toilets and public spaces littered with...

Faecal Sludge Management: Systems Approach for Implementation and Operation
Strande, Linda, Mariska Ronteltap, and Damir Brdjanovic. Faecal Sludge Management: Systems Approach for Implementation and Operation. London: IWA Publishing, 2014.

Over a billion people in urban and peri-urban areas of Africa, Asia, and Latin America are served by onsite sanitation technologies. Until now, the management of faecal sludge resulting from these onsite technologies has been grossly neglected. Financial resources are often lacking, and onsite...

Faecal Sludge Management: Systems Approach for Implementation and Operation

Over a billion people in urban and peri-urban areas of Africa, Asia, and Latin America are served by onsite sanitation technologies. Until now, the management of faecal sludge resulting from these onsite technologies has been grossly neglected. Financial resources are often lacking, and onsite...

From Toilets to Rivers: Experiences, New Opportunities and Innovative Solutions
From Toilets to Rivers: Experiences, New Opportunities and Innovative Solutions. Metro Manila: Asian Development Bank, 2014.

While issues of sanitation are often looked at in isolation, they are directly tied to issues of water security, health, food security, environmental sustainability, energy and climate change. The case studies illustrate not only the challenges of sanitation and wastewater management, but more...

From Toilets to Rivers: Experiences, New Opportunities and Innovative Solutions

While issues of sanitation are often looked at in isolation, they are directly tied to issues of water security, health, food security, environmental sustainability, energy and climate change. The case studies illustrate not only the challenges of sanitation and wastewater management, but more...

Compendium of Sanitation Systems and Technologies
Tilley, Elizabeth, Lukas Ulrich, Christoph Lüthi, Philippe Reymond, and Christian Zurbrügg. Compendium of Sanitation Systems and Technologies. 2nd Revised ed. Dübendorf: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), 2014.

The Compendium is a guidance document for engineers and planners in low- and middle-income countries, primarily intended to be used for communicative planning processes involving local communities. It is also intended for persons/experts who have detailed knowledge about conventional high-end...

Tilley, Elizabeth, Lukas Ulrich, Christoph Lüthi, Philippe Reymond, and Christian Zurbrügg. Compendium of Sanitation Systems and Technologies. 2nd Revised ed. Dübendorf: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), 2014.
Compendium of Sanitation Systems and Technologies

The Compendium is a guidance document for engineers and planners in low- and middle-income countries, primarily intended to be used for communicative planning processes involving local communities. It is also intended for persons/experts who have detailed knowledge about conventional high-end...

Bio-Digesters: An Eco-Friendly Solution for Human Waste Management

Human waste disposal in innocuous form is an ever growing problem leading to aesthetic nuisance, threat of organic pollution & several infectious diseases in epidemic proportions due to contamination of ground water and drinking water resources in highly populated and developing countries,...

Human waste disposal in innocuous form is an ever growing problem leading to aesthetic nuisance, threat of organic pollution & several infectious diseases in epidemic proportions due to contamination of ground water and drinking water resources in highly populated and developing countries,...

FSM manual
Koottatep, Thammarat, Paul Jacob, and Atitaya Panuvatvanich. Non-conventional sewerage services: When to choose this option, how to implement this solution. Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), 2014.

Non-conventional sewerage options have been implemented across the world over the last few decades, not only using diverse technological options and management methods, but also in a wide range of contexts and on different scales. A large number of examples can now be found and this solution is...

FSM manual

Non-conventional sewerage options have been implemented across the world over the last few decades, not only using diverse technological options and management methods, but also in a wide range of contexts and on different scales. A large number of examples can now be found and this solution is...

Swachh school
Swachh Bharat: Swachh Vidyalaya, A National Mission. New Delhi, India: Ministry of Human Resources Development, Government of India, 2014.

Swachh Bharat: Swachh Vidyalaya is the national campaign driving ‘Clean India: Clean Schools’. A key feature of the campaign is to ensure that every school in India has a set of functioning and well maintained water, sanitation and hygiene facilities. Water, sanitation and hygiene in schools...

Swachh Bharat: Swachh Vidyalaya, A National Mission. New Delhi, India: Ministry of Human Resources Development, Government of India, 2014.
Swachh school

Swachh Bharat: Swachh Vidyalaya is the national campaign driving ‘Clean India: Clean Schools’. A key feature of the campaign is to ensure that every school in India has a set of functioning and well maintained water, sanitation and hygiene facilities. Water, sanitation and hygiene in schools...

giz sanitation
Improving Lives In The road to 100% city sanitation . GIZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH), 2014.

This impact brochure introduces the reader to the main objectives and interventions of the project and highlights hands-on experiences from the ground. The main focus of this brochure lies on showing the impact of the project SNUSP on people living in cities, institutional processes such as...

Improving Lives In The road to 100% city sanitation . GIZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH), 2014.
giz sanitation

This impact brochure introduces the reader to the main objectives and interventions of the project and highlights hands-on experiences from the ground. The main focus of this brochure lies on showing the impact of the project SNUSP on people living in cities, institutional processes such as...

Business Case and Model Contract
Business Case And Model Contract For A Septage Management Project Under A Public Private Partnership Arrangement - The Philippine Water Revolving Fund Follow On Program., 2013.

The USAID-funded Philippine Water Revolving Fund Support Program and its Follow-on Program have helped several water districts prepare feasibility studies for septage management projects. Many water districts have signified interest to explore a public private partnership arrangement in the...

Business Case and Model Contract

The USAID-funded Philippine Water Revolving Fund Support Program and its Follow-on Program have helped several water districts prepare feasibility studies for septage management projects. Many water districts have signified interest to explore a public private partnership arrangement in the...

Dewats in urban
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Dewats Brochure
DEWATS for a high density urban gated community. Consortium for DEWATS™ Dissemination (CDD) Society, 2013.

The relatively large area or footprint required to implement Decentralised Wastewater Treatment Systems (DEWATS) is a severe constraint on its adoption in urban contexts. The several benefits of DEWATS™ – low energy use, low maintenance, robustness, and easy operation – were outweighed by the...

DEWATS for a high density urban gated community. Consortium for DEWATS™ Dissemination (CDD) Society, 2013.
Dewats in urban
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Dewats Brochure

The relatively large area or footprint required to implement Decentralised Wastewater Treatment Systems (DEWATS) is a severe constraint on its adoption in urban contexts. The several benefits of DEWATS™ – low energy use, low maintenance, robustness, and easy operation – were outweighed by the...

Septage Mangement
Advisory on Septage Management in Urban India. Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, 2013.

A major part of Urban India is yet to be provided with sewer system and the people are mainly dependent on conventional individual septic tanks. Census of India 2011 results show 30 million urban households (38 percent of urban households) have septic tanks. USAID (2010) estimates, that by 2017...

Advisory on Septage Management in Urban India. Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, 2013.
Septage Mangement

A major part of Urban India is yet to be provided with sewer system and the people are mainly dependent on conventional individual septic tanks. Census of India 2011 results show 30 million urban households (38 percent of urban households) have septic tanks. USAID (2010) estimates, that by 2017...

Cost of Environment Damage
India - Diagnostic assessment of select environmental challenges : An analysis of physical and monetary losses of environmental health and natural resources. World Bank Group, 2013.

This report provides estimates of social and financial costs of environmental damage in India from three pollution damage categories: (i) urban air pollution, including particulate matter and lead; (ii) inadequate water supply, poor sanitation, and hygiene; (iii) indoor air pollution; and four...

Cost of Environment Damage

This report provides estimates of social and financial costs of environmental damage in India from three pollution damage categories: (i) urban air pollution, including particulate matter and lead; (ii) inadequate water supply, poor sanitation, and hygiene; (iii) indoor air pollution; and four...

Gender Initiatives
A Compendium of Case studies on Gender Mainstreaming initiatives in UN-Habitat, 2008 - 2012. UN Habitat, 2013.

Whilst we recognize that much work has been done in the mainstreaming of gender equality in human settlement, UN-Habitat acknowledges that much more is required. This compendium of case studies is designed to bring into one document some of the gender mainstreaming initiatives UN-Habitat...

Gender Initiatives

Whilst we recognize that much work has been done in the mainstreaming of gender equality in human settlement, UN-Habitat acknowledges that much more is required. This compendium of case studies is designed to bring into one document some of the gender mainstreaming initiatives UN-Habitat...

Decentralized Waste Water Management
Decentralized Waste Water Management. New Delhi: Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, 2012.

The Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, had funded the setting up of a Centre of Excellence in the area of Decentralized Wastewater Management, in the Department of Civil Engineering at IIT Madras in the year 2009. The scope of the project included:

(i) preparation of...

Decentralized Waste Water Management. New Delhi: Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, 2012.
Decentralized Waste Water Management

The Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, had funded the setting up of a Centre of Excellence in the area of Decentralized Wastewater Management, in the Department of Civil Engineering at IIT Madras in the year 2009. The scope of the project included:

(i) preparation of...

Recent Trends in Technologies in Sewerage System
Recent Trends in Technologies in Sewerage System. New Delhi: Ministry of Urban Development, 2012.

As per Census 2001, 30.66 million urban households which form 35.49% of the urban households suffer inadequate access to sanitation. According to the report of the Central Pollution Control Board (2009), the estimated sewage generation from Class - I Cities and Class - II Towns is 38254.82...

Recent Trends in Technologies in Sewerage System. New Delhi: Ministry of Urban Development, 2012.
Recent Trends in Technologies in Sewerage System

As per Census 2001, 30.66 million urban households which form 35.49% of the urban households suffer inadequate access to sanitation. According to the report of the Central Pollution Control Board (2009), the estimated sewage generation from Class - I Cities and Class - II Towns is 38254.82...

Community Managed Sanitation Complexes
Sadhukhan, Bedoshruti, Ritu Thakur, and Soumya Chaturvedula. Community Managed Sanitation Complexes, Tiruchirapalli In Case Study., 2012.

Due to inadequate sanitation facilities and a lack of hygiene education, by the late 1990s, the urban poor within the City of Tiruchirapalli were subject to frequent outbreaks of water borne diseases. A lack of maintenance, rather than existence of toilet facilities, was identified as the main...

Community Managed Sanitation Complexes

Due to inadequate sanitation facilities and a lack of hygiene education, by the late 1990s, the urban poor within the City of Tiruchirapalli were subject to frequent outbreaks of water borne diseases. A lack of maintenance, rather than existence of toilet facilities, was identified as the main...

Improving Urban Water Supply & Sanitation Services
Improving Urban Water Supply & Sanitation Services. New Delhi: Ministry of Urban Development, 2012.

This Advisory Note on Improving Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Services (WSS) in India is an effort to provide guidance to States and Cities in adopting specific policies and governance structures for improving service delivery to the customers. As we decentralize services to the Urban Local...

Improving Urban Water Supply & Sanitation Services. New Delhi: Ministry of Urban Development, 2012.
Improving Urban Water Supply & Sanitation Services

This Advisory Note on Improving Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Services (WSS) in India is an effort to provide guidance to States and Cities in adopting specific policies and governance structures for improving service delivery to the customers. As we decentralize services to the Urban Local...

Service levels in Urban Water and Sanitation Sector - A Status Report (2010-2011)
Service Levels in Urban Water and Sanitation Sector - A Status Report (2010-2011). New Delhi: Ministry of Urban Development, 2012.

The publication 'Benchmarking Urban Services - 2010-2011', presents the service level data of 1400 municipalities in India for the core urban services of water supply, sewerage/sanitation, solid waste management and storm water drainage.

The process of service level benchmarking (SLB) to...

Service levels in Urban Water and Sanitation Sector - A Status Report (2010-2011)

The publication 'Benchmarking Urban Services - 2010-2011', presents the service level data of 1400 municipalities in India for the core urban services of water supply, sewerage/sanitation, solid waste management and storm water drainage.

The process of service level benchmarking (SLB) to...

Urine diversion dry toilets in multi-storey buildings
McConville, Jennifer, and Arno Rosemarin. Urine diversion dry toilets and greywater system, Erdos City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSan), 2012.

The EETP initiated by the Dongsheng District Government and the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) has adopted the approach of sustainable sanitation in multi-storey buildings in an urban large-scale implementation for 3,000 residents. Urine diversion dry toilets (with bins in the basement),...

Urine diversion dry toilets in multi-storey buildings

The EETP initiated by the Dongsheng District Government and the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) has adopted the approach of sustainable sanitation in multi-storey buildings in an urban large-scale implementation for 3,000 residents. Urine diversion dry toilets (with bins in the basement),...

Decentralised wastewater management
Guidelines for Decentralised Wastewater Management. Chennai: Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM), 2012.

The Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, had funded the setting up of a Centre of Excellence in the area of Decentralized Wastewater Management, in the Department of Civil Engineering at IIT Madras in the year 2009 (No. N-11025/30/2008/UCD). The scope of the project included: (i)...

Guidelines for Decentralised Wastewater Management. Chennai: Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM), 2012.
Decentralised wastewater management

The Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, had funded the setting up of a Centre of Excellence in the area of Decentralized Wastewater Management, in the Department of Civil Engineering at IIT Madras in the year 2009 (No. N-11025/30/2008/UCD). The scope of the project included: (i)...

Susan compilation 25
von Muench, Dr. Elisabeth. Compilation of 25 case studies on sustainable sanitation projects from Africa. Eschborn: Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA), 2012.

The SuSanA publishes case studies of sustainable sanitation projects to demonstrate the wide range of possible systems for sustainable sanitation systems. The case study collection comprises project examples from developing and industrialised countries, high and low tech systems, urban and rural...

Susan compilation 25

The SuSanA publishes case studies of sustainable sanitation projects to demonstrate the wide range of possible systems for sustainable sanitation systems. The case study collection comprises project examples from developing and industrialised countries, high and low tech systems, urban and rural...

NYC Green Infrastructure Plan
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Green Infrastructure Annual Report 2016
NYC Green Infrastructure Plan: A Sustainable Strategy for Clean Waterways. New York City: NYC Department of Environmental Protection (DEP), 2012.

New York City’s efforts to improve water quality are a critical part of PlaNYC, Mayor Bloomberg’s blueprint for a greener, greater city. Already the Harbor is cleaner than it has been in over 100 years, and millions of people enjoy the City’s waterfront and waterways every year, thanks in part...

NYC Green Infrastructure Plan: A Sustainable Strategy for Clean Waterways. New York City: NYC Department of Environmental Protection (DEP), 2012.
NYC Green Infrastructure Plan
,
Green Infrastructure Annual Report 2016

New York City’s efforts to improve water quality are a critical part of PlaNYC, Mayor Bloomberg’s blueprint for a greener, greater city. Already the Harbor is cleaner than it has been in over 100 years, and millions of people enjoy the City’s waterfront and waterways every year, thanks in part...

Health
Roma, Dr Elisa, and Isabelle Pugh. Toilets For Health. Unilever, 2012.

“Despite the scale of the crisis, sanitation remains a low priority for governments and recent efforts to address this fall far short of what is required. Progress depends on adequate investment and collaborative action across developing country and donor governments, civil society, multilateral...

Health

“Despite the scale of the crisis, sanitation remains a low priority for governments and recent efforts to address this fall far short of what is required. Progress depends on adequate investment and collaborative action across developing country and donor governments, civil society, multilateral...

Global Practice on Waste Water Treatment
Global Good Practices in Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Disposal/Reuse with Special Reference to Common Effluent Treatment Plant. New Delhi: Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), 2011.

Pollution by inappropriate management of industrial wastewater is one of the major environmental problems in India as well, especially with burgeoning small scale industrial sector in the country. To address the pollution coming out from industries, adoption of cleaner production technologies...

Global Practice on Waste Water Treatment

Pollution by inappropriate management of industrial wastewater is one of the major environmental problems in India as well, especially with burgeoning small scale industrial sector in the country. To address the pollution coming out from industries, adoption of cleaner production technologies...

Policy Paper on Septage Management in India
Policy Paper on Septage Management in India. New Delhi: Centre for Science and Environment, 2011.

CSE has developed a "Policy Paper on Septage Management in India" as deliverable of Centre of Excellence in the area of sustainable water management under the Ministry of Urban Development.

This document on septage management aims to assist the Government of India towards preparation of...

Policy Paper on Septage Management in India. New Delhi: Centre for Science and Environment, 2011.
Policy Paper on Septage Management in India

CSE has developed a "Policy Paper on Septage Management in India" as deliverable of Centre of Excellence in the area of sustainable water management under the Ministry of Urban Development.

This document on septage management aims to assist the Government of India towards preparation of...

WaterAid Urban Framework
Urban Framework. London: WaterAid, London, 2011.

This document sets out a framework to support and guide WaterAid and its partners to develop effective strategies for their urban programmes. The framework is derived directly from the WaterAid Global Strategy 2009-2015 and provides more detail regarding the driving principles and minimum...

Urban Framework. London: WaterAid, London, 2011.
WaterAid Urban Framework

This document sets out a framework to support and guide WaterAid and its partners to develop effective strategies for their urban programmes. The framework is derived directly from the WaterAid Global Strategy 2009-2015 and provides more detail regarding the driving principles and minimum...

Sub-Saharan Africa sanitation case studies
Compilation of 27 case studies on sustainable sanitation projects from Sub-Sahara Africa. Eschborn, Germany: Sustainable Sanitation Alliance, 2011.

The Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA) publishes case studies of sustainable sanitation projects from around the world to demonstrate the wide range of available technologies for sustainable sanitation systems. This case study book only comprises those project examples which are from sub-...

Compilation of 27 case studies on sustainable sanitation projects from Sub-Sahara Africa. Eschborn, Germany: Sustainable Sanitation Alliance, 2011.
Sub-Saharan Africa sanitation case studies

The Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA) publishes case studies of sustainable sanitation projects from around the world to demonstrate the wide range of available technologies for sustainable sanitation systems. This case study book only comprises those project examples which are from sub-...

wetlands for wastewater
Gjinali, Dr. Enkelejda, Dr. Joachim Niklas, and Hendrik Smi. Wastewater treatment using constructed wetlands Tirana, Albania. Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA), 2011.

The pilot plant, one of the first established in Albania, consists of a "Dortmund tank" (a settling tank with vertical flow) combined with another settling tank for pre-treatment, two vertical filter beds that are fed alternately by pump and one horizontal filter bed. Effluent is collected for...

wetlands for wastewater

The pilot plant, one of the first established in Albania, consists of a "Dortmund tank" (a settling tank with vertical flow) combined with another settling tank for pre-treatment, two vertical filter beds that are fed alternately by pump and one horizontal filter bed. Effluent is collected for...

waste water treatment in Pakistan
Ayesha, Javed. Wastewater treatment in flood affected areas using constructed wetlands, Nowshera, Pakistan (draft). Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA), 2011.

The devastating 2010 floods in Pakistan affected large populations, depriving them of the basic human needs; and led to extremely poor sanitation and hygiene conditions. To solve these problems, Plan International, Pakistan with the financial backing of UNICEF launched a program, “Scaling up...

waste water treatment in Pakistan

The devastating 2010 floods in Pakistan affected large populations, depriving them of the basic human needs; and led to extremely poor sanitation and hygiene conditions. To solve these problems, Plan International, Pakistan with the financial backing of UNICEF launched a program, “Scaling up...

Strategy for waste water Management
Strategy for Urban Waste Water Management. Thiruvananthapuram : Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, 2011.

The present document explains the Strategy and Framework for Urban Waste Water Management with special focus to the Grey Water Recycle and Reuse. It explains the different types of waste water, its characteristics, strategy to be adopted for waste water management especially with the concept of...

Strategy for Urban Waste Water Management. Thiruvananthapuram : Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, 2011.
Strategy for waste water Management

The present document explains the Strategy and Framework for Urban Waste Water Management with special focus to the Grey Water Recycle and Reuse. It explains the different types of waste water, its characteristics, strategy to be adopted for waste water management especially with the concept of...

Course material for waste water
Course Material on Waste Water Management. Thiruvananthapuram : Centre for Environment and Development, 2011.

The Course material on WWM is mainly to provide capacity building and training to decision makers, planners and senior level officers and other functionaries of ULBs to implement waste water management with focus on waste water recycle and reuse in households, institutions and public  places

Course Material on Waste Water Management. Thiruvananthapuram : Centre for Environment and Development, 2011.
Course material for waste water

The Course material on WWM is mainly to provide capacity building and training to decision makers, planners and senior level officers and other functionaries of ULBs to implement waste water management with focus on waste water recycle and reuse in households, institutions and public  places

SusanA compilation (24 cases)
Compilation of 24 SuSanA Case Studies. Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA), 2009.

The SuSanA publishes case studies of sustainable sanitation projects to demonstrate the wide range of possible systems for sustainable sanitation systems. The case study collection comprises project examples from developing and industrialised countries, high and low tech systems, urban and rural...

Compilation of 24 SuSanA Case Studies. Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA), 2009.
SusanA compilation (24 cases)

The SuSanA publishes case studies of sustainable sanitation projects to demonstrate the wide range of possible systems for sustainable sanitation systems. The case study collection comprises project examples from developing and industrialised countries, high and low tech systems, urban and rural...

A Guide to Decisionmaking—Sanitation Technology Options for Urban India
A Guide to Decisionmaking—Sanitation Technology Options for Urban India. New Delhi: Ministry of Urban Development, 2008.

Poor sanitation is endemic in towns and cities across India and exacts a heavy toll on public health. In response, the Government of India has made increased funding available for the qualifying cities for sanitation infrastructure via the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission.

...

A Guide to Decisionmaking—Sanitation Technology Options for Urban India. New Delhi: Ministry of Urban Development, 2008.
A Guide to Decisionmaking—Sanitation Technology Options for Urban India

Poor sanitation is endemic in towns and cities across India and exacts a heavy toll on public health. In response, the Government of India has made increased funding available for the qualifying cities for sanitation infrastructure via the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission.

...

Integrated low cost sanitation scheme (ILCS)
Integrated Low Cost Sanitation Scheme (ILCS). New Delhi: Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation, 2008.

The centrally sponsored scheme of Low Cost Sanitation for liberation of Scavengers started from 1960-61 initially through the Ministry of Home Affairs and later on through the Ministry of Welfare. From 1989-90 it came to be operated through the Ministry of Urban Development and later on through...

Integrated Low Cost Sanitation Scheme (ILCS). New Delhi: Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation, 2008.
Integrated low cost sanitation scheme (ILCS)

The centrally sponsored scheme of Low Cost Sanitation for liberation of Scavengers started from 1960-61 initially through the Ministry of Home Affairs and later on through the Ministry of Welfare. From 1989-90 it came to be operated through the Ministry of Urban Development and later on through...

National Urban Sanitation Policy
National Urban Sanitation Policy In India: Urban Water and Sanitation Services. New Delhi: Ministry of Urban Development, 2008.

Sanitation is defined as safe management of human excreta, including its safe confinement treatment, disposal and associated hygiene-related practices. While this policy pertains to management of human excreta and associated public health and environmental impacts, it is recognized that integral...

National Urban Sanitation Policy In India: Urban Water and Sanitation Services. New Delhi: Ministry of Urban Development, 2008.
National Urban Sanitation Policy

Sanitation is defined as safe management of human excreta, including its safe confinement treatment, disposal and associated hygiene-related practices. While this policy pertains to management of human excreta and associated public health and environmental impacts, it is recognized that integral...

Septage Management Guide
Robbins, David M.. Septage Management Guide for Local Governments., 2007.

This manual contains information pertaining to the following key components of a comprehensive septage management program:

  1. Septic Tank Design and Construction. Regulatory oversight and considerations for the design, installation and use of septic tanks including a model ordinance...

Septage Management Guide

This manual contains information pertaining to the following key components of a comprehensive septage management program:

  1. Septic Tank Design and Construction. Regulatory oversight and considerations for the design, installation and use of septic tanks including a model ordinance...

Eco home_Nepal
Shrestha, Roshan Raj. "Eco Home for sustainable water management: A case study in Kathmandu, Nepal." In International Conference on Sustainable Sanitation: “Food and Water Security for Latin America” . Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH, 2007.

Shortage of drinking water and pollution of water bodies are the growing problem in urban centers of Nepal. Kathmandu, the capital of the nation, is severely affected by these problems where water is supplied only half of the actual demand and the major rivers are turning into open drains....

Shrestha, Roshan Raj. "Eco Home for sustainable water management: A case study in Kathmandu, Nepal." In International Conference on Sustainable Sanitation: “Food and Water Security for Latin America” . Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH, 2007.
Eco home_Nepal

Shortage of drinking water and pollution of water bodies are the growing problem in urban centers of Nepal. Kathmandu, the capital of the nation, is severely affected by these problems where water is supplied only half of the actual demand and the major rivers are turning into open drains....

Green Infrastructure
Green Infrastructure: Managing Storm Water in NYC In Green Infrastructure Education Module. New York City: NYC Department of Environmental Protection (DEP).

About NYC Department of Environmnetal Protection:

The New York City Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) protects public health and the environment by supplying clean drinking water, collecting and treating wastewater, and reducing air, noise, and hazardous...

Green Infrastructure: Managing Storm Water in NYC In Green Infrastructure Education Module. New York City: NYC Department of Environmental Protection (DEP).
Green Infrastructure

About NYC Department of Environmnetal Protection:

The New York City Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) protects public health and the environment by supplying clean drinking water, collecting and treating wastewater, and reducing air, noise, and hazardous...