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Smartnet acts as a repository of key reference material like reports, guidelines, model documents, case studies and research on topics relevant to the urban sector. The Smartnet Library has been catalogued based on sectors, sub-sectors and types of documents.
The Library can also be searched using the Advanced Search option for Document Titles, Authors / Organisations and Keywords.

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Water, sanitation, hygiene and waste management for the COVID-19 virus

In late 2019, an acute respiratory disease emerged, known as novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The pathogen responsible for COVID-19 is severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, also referred to as the COVID-19 virus), a member of the coronavirus family. In response...

In late 2019, an acute respiratory disease emerged, known as novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The pathogen responsible for COVID-19 is severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, also referred to as the COVID-19 virus), a member of the coronavirus family. In response...

Best Practices
Habitat for Humanity India COVID-19 Response 2020. Habitat for Humanity India, 2020.

As the country implements unprecedented measures amidst the global health emergency of COVID-19, Habitat for Humanity India is supporting families and individuals living in vulnerable conditions with no safety net by providing them with essential goods and hygiene items. While housing is at the...

Habitat for Humanity India COVID-19 Response 2020. Habitat for Humanity India, 2020.
Best Practices

As the country implements unprecedented measures amidst the global health emergency of COVID-19, Habitat for Humanity India is supporting families and individuals living in vulnerable conditions with no safety net by providing them with essential goods and hygiene items. While housing is at the...

Roadmap of WASH Ecosystem

Inspired by SBM,AMRUT, SCM and supported by USAID, National Institute of Urban affairs (NIUA) endeavoured to create an Innovation Hub for Urban Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (IHUWASH) solution in India.The project has contributed significantly in improving the urban WASH sector performance...

IHUWASH. Roadmap of WASH Ecosystem In The journey of Innovation Hub for Urban Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Solutions. Delhi: National Institute of Urban Affairs, 2019.

Inspired by SBM,AMRUT, SCM and supported by USAID, National Institute of Urban affairs (NIUA) endeavoured to create an Innovation Hub for Urban Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (IHUWASH) solution in India.The project has contributed significantly in improving the urban WASH sector performance...

Compendium
IHUWASH. Compendium of WASH Innovations in India In Accelerated through IHUWASH program. New Delhi: National Institute of Urban Affairs, 2019.

The Compendium of WASH Innovations in India contains the list of companies that applied for the IHUWASH Accelerator WASH Grand Challenge in January 2018. The companies listed in this document have been divided based on their respective sectors. The first section contains all the enterprises that...

IHUWASH. Compendium of WASH Innovations in India In Accelerated through IHUWASH program. New Delhi: National Institute of Urban Affairs, 2019.
Compendium

The Compendium of WASH Innovations in India contains the list of companies that applied for the IHUWASH Accelerator WASH Grand Challenge in January 2018. The companies listed in this document have been divided based on their respective sectors. The first section contains all the enterprises that...

City Progress Report - Mysuru

Mysuru is the second largest city in Karnataka. In 1903, with the establishment of the City Improvement Trust Board (CITB), Mysuru became one of the first cities in Asia to undertake planned urban development. Mysuru's WASH systems are under pressure due to migration and tourism. 

IHUWASH. City Progress Report - Mysuru. New Delhi: National Institute of Urban Affairs, 2019.

Mysuru is the second largest city in Karnataka. In 1903, with the establishment of the City Improvement Trust Board (CITB), Mysuru became one of the first cities in Asia to undertake planned urban development. Mysuru's WASH systems are under pressure due to migration and tourism. 

World Bank
World Bank Group. Shared and Public Toilets,Championing Delivery Models That Work. New Delhi, India: The World Bank Group, 2018.

The Bank also launched a report titled, ‘Shared and Public Toilets: Championing Delivery Models that Work.’ The report highlights that many people who have individual household toilets may nevertheless suffer from a lack of toilet facilities as they spend many hours away from home. Furthermore,...

World Bank

The Bank also launched a report titled, ‘Shared and Public Toilets: Championing Delivery Models that Work.’ The report highlights that many people who have individual household toilets may nevertheless suffer from a lack of toilet facilities as they spend many hours away from home. Furthermore,...

WASH Economy Report

The initial sections of the report briefly explain the economic aspects of the sanitation and snapshot of WASH economy in the country. It narrates the magnitude of economic losses associated with poor sanitation in developing countries. The section also highlights previous and current government...

IHUWASH. WASH Economy Report. New Delhi: National Institute of Urban Affairs, 2018.

The initial sections of the report briefly explain the economic aspects of the sanitation and snapshot of WASH economy in the country. It narrates the magnitude of economic losses associated with poor sanitation in developing countries. The section also highlights previous and current government...

Report
10 Innovative Approaches to Improve the Urban WA-S-H Sector in India In IHUWASH Project supported by USAID. New Delhi, India: National Institute of Urban Affairs, 2017.

The IHUWASH project aims to improve performance of the urban WASH sector in India by following a process of agglomeration (compilation of best practices), incubation (supporting innovative solutions) and acceleration (giving momentum to innovations). IHUWASH is a collaborative initiative of the...

10 Innovative Approaches to Improve the Urban WA-S-H Sector in India In IHUWASH Project supported by USAID. New Delhi, India: National Institute of Urban Affairs, 2017.
Report

The IHUWASH project aims to improve performance of the urban WASH sector in India by following a process of agglomeration (compilation of best practices), incubation (supporting innovative solutions) and acceleration (giving momentum to innovations). IHUWASH is a collaborative initiative of the...

Individual Toilets for Urban Slums - Kakinada
Individual Toilets for Urban Slums - Kakinada In India Smart Cities: Success Stories from Mission Cities. New Delhi, India: Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, 2017.

Kakinada Municipal Corporation aims to provide proper sanitation facilities to the poor citizens of the city dwellers. Under this agenda, a survey was conducted to assess the number of houses/ families in slum areas under Area Based Development (ABD), which do not have individual toilets. An...

Individual Toilets for Urban Slums - Kakinada In India Smart Cities: Success Stories from Mission Cities. New Delhi, India: Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, 2017.
Individual Toilets for Urban Slums - Kakinada

Kakinada Municipal Corporation aims to provide proper sanitation facilities to the poor citizens of the city dwellers. Under this agenda, a survey was conducted to assess the number of houses/ families in slum areas under Area Based Development (ABD), which do not have individual toilets. An...

Public Toilet Utilities on PPP Basis - NDMC
Public Toilet Utilities on PPP Basis - NDMC In India Smart Cities: Success Stories from Mission Cities. New Delhi, India: Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, 2017.

In order to address the sanitation needs, NDMC has devised an innovative Public Private Partnership (PPP) model where NDMC provides space for construction of Public Toilet Utilities (PTUs) along with some additional space, which the private sector can use for revenue generation. However, the...

Public Toilet Utilities on PPP Basis - NDMC In India Smart Cities: Success Stories from Mission Cities. New Delhi, India: Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, 2017.
Public Toilet Utilities on PPP Basis - NDMC

In order to address the sanitation needs, NDMC has devised an innovative Public Private Partnership (PPP) model where NDMC provides space for construction of Public Toilet Utilities (PTUs) along with some additional space, which the private sector can use for revenue generation. However, the...

E-Toilets – Solapur
E-Toilets – Solapur. New Delhi, India: Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, 2017.

Solapur is also of religious importance with more than fve lakh pilgrims visiting the Siddheshwar Temple, every year. However the city does not have adequate public conveniences facility for the large visiting/ floating population of the city. It has also been noticed that the hygiene routine...

E-Toilets – Solapur. New Delhi, India: Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, 2017.
E-Toilets – Solapur

Solapur is also of religious importance with more than fve lakh pilgrims visiting the Siddheshwar Temple, every year. However the city does not have adequate public conveniences facility for the large visiting/ floating population of the city. It has also been noticed that the hygiene routine...

World Bank ICT in Sanitation
Bhatnagar, Vandana, Nidhi Batra, and Kanak Tiwari. Mainstreaming citizen feedback on service delivery using ICTs : findings and lessons from ICT-based feedback surveys on water supply and sanitation services in Indian cities. The World Bank, 2017.

The water and sanitation sector in Indian cities is characterized by weak accountability processes and lack of customer orientation. The institutional focus of service providers tends to be on creating new assets, rather than delivery of services and performance efficiency. Moreover, in the...

World Bank ICT in Sanitation

The water and sanitation sector in Indian cities is characterized by weak accountability processes and lack of customer orientation. The institutional focus of service providers tends to be on creating new assets, rather than delivery of services and performance efficiency. Moreover, in the...

Quality of Toilet
Quality and sustainability of toilets., 2017.

With an aim to ensure open defecation free (ODF) India by 2019, Swachh Bharat Mission has been progressing at a rapid pace. Since its start in October 2014, over four crore toilets have been constructed across rural India. Lakhs of villages and hundreds of districts are being declared ODF across...

Quality of Toilet

With an aim to ensure open defecation free (ODF) India by 2019, Swachh Bharat Mission has been progressing at a rapid pace. Since its start in October 2014, over four crore toilets have been constructed across rural India. Lakhs of villages and hundreds of districts are being declared ODF across...

Toilet mapping
The Toilet Tracker: mapping sanitation in peri-urban Lusaka. Water & Sanitation for the Urban Poor, 2017.

This Practice Note introduces the Toilet Tracker, a new tool for supporting sanitation business development and public health monitoring.

Currently being tested in the peri-urban area of Kanyama, the Tracker enables information on the ownership, location, quality and emptying history of...

The Toilet Tracker: mapping sanitation in peri-urban Lusaka. Water & Sanitation for the Urban Poor, 2017.
Toilet mapping

This Practice Note introduces the Toilet Tracker, a new tool for supporting sanitation business development and public health monitoring.

Currently being tested in the peri-urban area of Kanyama, the Tracker enables information on the ownership, location, quality and emptying history of...

Guidebook_Maharashtra FSM
Guidebook for Urban Local Bodies to Implement Septage Management Plan. Urban Development Department, Government of Maharashtra, 2017.

In Maharashtra, only 32 cities are partially covered with sewer systems. Majority of household toilets are connected to onsite systems like septic tanks or pits. The new toilets constructed since the launch of Swachh Maharashtra Mission, Urban (SMMU) in 2015 by are being connected to septic...

Guidebook for Urban Local Bodies to Implement Septage Management Plan. Urban Development Department, Government of Maharashtra, 2017.
Guidebook_Maharashtra FSM

In Maharashtra, only 32 cities are partially covered with sewer systems. Majority of household toilets are connected to onsite systems like septic tanks or pits. The new toilets constructed since the launch of Swachh Maharashtra Mission, Urban (SMMU) in 2015 by are being connected to septic...

10 Innovative Approaches to Improve the Urban WA-S-H Sector in India

The goal of the IHUWASH project is to improve performance of the urban WASH sector in the country through agglomeration, incubation, and accleration of innovations to address WASH issues. The first stage of this process, agglomeration refers to compiling the existing key innovations which have...

IHUWASH. 10 Innovative Approaches to Improve the Urban WA-S-H Sector in India. Delhi: National Institute of Urban Affairs, 2017.

The goal of the IHUWASH project is to improve performance of the urban WASH sector in the country through agglomeration, incubation, and accleration of innovations to address WASH issues. The first stage of this process, agglomeration refers to compiling the existing key innovations which have...

5 Innovative WASH Solutions for an Inclusive Urban India

The goal of the IHUWASH project is to improve the performance of the urban WASH sector in the country through agglomeration, incubation, and acceleration of innovations to address WASH issues. The first stage of this process, agglomeration, refers to the compilation of existing key innovations...

IHUWASH. 5 Innovative WASH Solutions for an Inclusive Urban India. New Delhi: National Institute of Urban Affairs, 2017.

The goal of the IHUWASH project is to improve the performance of the urban WASH sector in the country through agglomeration, incubation, and acceleration of innovations to address WASH issues. The first stage of this process, agglomeration, refers to the compilation of existing key innovations...

Innovative Toilet Concepts For Urban India

The document “Innovative toilet concepts for urban India” prepared under the IHUWASH project aims to highlight the latest efforts of individuals and organizations across the country in providing access to safe sanitation servic-
es with clean toilet facilities and achieve the SBM Goal. The...

IHUWASH. Innovative Toilet Concepts For Urban India. New Delhi: National Institute of Urban Affairs, 2017.

The document “Innovative toilet concepts for urban India” prepared under the IHUWASH project aims to highlight the latest efforts of individuals and organizations across the country in providing access to safe sanitation servic-
es with clean toilet facilities and achieve the SBM Goal. The...

SOP_ Swachh office
Swachh Office, Standard Operating Procedures. New Delhi, India: Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, 2016.

The “Swachh Office” rating was first conducted in 2015, as part of the Thematic Drive for cleaning government Offices and Buildings.It was repeated in 2016. The thematic drive for 16th-30th May 2016 is also on the same lines, and we are expecting an enthusiastic response not only from offices of...

Swachh Office, Standard Operating Procedures. New Delhi, India: Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, 2016.
SOP_ Swachh office

The “Swachh Office” rating was first conducted in 2015, as part of the Thematic Drive for cleaning government Offices and Buildings.It was repeated in 2016. The thematic drive for 16th-30th May 2016 is also on the same lines, and we are expecting an enthusiastic response not only from offices of...

Ready recknor for ULB on ODF
Declaring your City/Town Open Defecation Free., 2016.

This manual on Open Defecation Free cities can be used as a ready reckoner for all Urban Local Bodies that are working towards their ODF goals. ULBs can follow the guidelines provided in the pages to prepare themselves to declare themselves as ODF, as per the prescribed protocols.
 

Ready recknor for ULB on ODF

This manual on Open Defecation Free cities can be used as a ready reckoner for all Urban Local Bodies that are working towards their ODF goals. ULBs can follow the guidelines provided in the pages to prepare themselves to declare themselves as ODF, as per the prescribed protocols.
 

ODF Behavioural change
Triggering for Behaviour Change towards Open Defecation., 2016.

 

The manual on Triggering for Open Defecation Free cities which can be a very useful ready reckoner for all Urban Local Bodies that are working towards their ODF goals. ULBs can follow the guidelines provided in the pages to trigger communities and educate the citizens on the harmful...

ODF Behavioural change

 

The manual on Triggering for Open Defecation Free cities which can be a very useful ready reckoner for all Urban Local Bodies that are working towards their ODF goals. ULBs can follow the guidelines provided in the pages to trigger communities and educate the citizens on the harmful...

Case study of sustainable sanitation projects
Schröder, Enno. Upscaling Basic Sanitation for the Urban Poor (UBSUP) in Kenya. Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA), 2016.

UBSUP is a country-wide up-scaling programme aimed at providing access to basic household sanitation across all Kenyan urban low income areas. Implemented through licensed water utilities, UBSUP concept covers the entire sanitation service chain: it incorporates a social marketing concept,...

Schröder, Enno. Upscaling Basic Sanitation for the Urban Poor (UBSUP) in Kenya. Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA), 2016.
Case study of sustainable sanitation projects

UBSUP is a country-wide up-scaling programme aimed at providing access to basic household sanitation across all Kenyan urban low income areas. Implemented through licensed water utilities, UBSUP concept covers the entire sanitation service chain: it incorporates a social marketing concept,...

persuasion for toilets
Patimo, Francesco, and Carolyn Jones. 'Get a Toilet': Building demand for toilets. The Toilet Board Coalition (TCB), 2016.

Sustainable sanitation solutions need to take both infrastructure – the hardware – and cultural barriers and behaviour – the software – into account. This report is about developing demand propositions for sanitation marketing – pulling people towards wanting a toilet in their homes. It’s about...

Patimo, Francesco, and Carolyn Jones. 'Get a Toilet': Building demand for toilets. The Toilet Board Coalition (TCB), 2016.
persuasion for toilets

Sustainable sanitation solutions need to take both infrastructure – the hardware – and cultural barriers and behaviour – the software – into account. This report is about developing demand propositions for sanitation marketing – pulling people towards wanting a toilet in their homes. It’s about...

Mapping Sanitation
Roma, Dr Elisa, and Dr Val Curtis. Mapping Sanitation Solutions: A report in collaboration with LSHTM and DOMESTOS. The Toilet Board Coalition (TCB), 2016.

This report surveys emerging sanitation solutions, especially from the perspective of sanitation as a business. Having done a horizon scan of 41 approaches drawn from countries in Africa, Asia, South East Asia and Latin America, the writers selected 19 to feature in the report. These were chosen...

Mapping Sanitation

This report surveys emerging sanitation solutions, especially from the perspective of sanitation as a business. Having done a horizon scan of 41 approaches drawn from countries in Africa, Asia, South East Asia and Latin America, the writers selected 19 to feature in the report. These were chosen...

Future models_Sanitation
Hague, Jonathan. Building Future Sanitation Models. The Toilet Board Coalition (TCB), 2016.

This report focuses on understanding how new technologies and future sanitation models may be harnessed to accelerate the goal of increasing access to affordable, hygienic, economically and environmentally sustainable sanitation.

Hague, Jonathan. Building Future Sanitation Models. The Toilet Board Coalition (TCB), 2016.
Future models_Sanitation

This report focuses on understanding how new technologies and future sanitation models may be harnessed to accelerate the goal of increasing access to affordable, hygienic, economically and environmentally sustainable sanitation.

Guidelines for open defecation free (ODF) sustainability
Guidelines for Open Defecation Free (ODF) sustainability. New Delhi, India: Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation, Government of India, 2016.

These Guidelines are indicative and meant for guidance of states to eveolve their own mechanism for ODF verification.

Guidelines for Open Defecation Free (ODF) sustainability. New Delhi, India: Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation, Government of India, 2016.
Guidelines for open defecation free (ODF) sustainability

These Guidelines are indicative and meant for guidance of states to eveolve their own mechanism for ODF verification.

Maharashtra_ ODF_technological solutions
The Change Makers, Making Maharashtra ODF and Clean In Documentation of Innovative Practices. Urban Development Department, Government of Maharashtra, 2016.

Since the launch of Swachh Maharashtra Mission (Urban) in 2015 by the Government of Maharashtra, the cities have shown dedicated efforts in promoting the mission and increasing their own capacities towards the realization of this goal. Maharashtra proudly hosts 52 open defecation free cities...

The Change Makers, Making Maharashtra ODF and Clean In Documentation of Innovative Practices. Urban Development Department, Government of Maharashtra, 2016.
Maharashtra_ ODF_technological solutions

Since the launch of Swachh Maharashtra Mission (Urban) in 2015 by the Government of Maharashtra, the cities have shown dedicated efforts in promoting the mission and increasing their own capacities towards the realization of this goal. Maharashtra proudly hosts 52 open defecation free cities...

Sanitation in Slums in India
Bapat, Meera, Barkha Goel, Pravin Santosh More, Rajiv Raman, and Somnath Sen. Community slum sanitation in India : a practitioner’s guide . The World Bank Group, 2016.

Following the launch of the National Urban Sanitation Policy (NUSP, 2008), a number of initiatives were taken: states formulated their State Sanitation Strategies, and more than 150 cities drafted or are in the process of drafting the City Sanitation Plans (CSPs, by March 2014). The NUSP...

Sanitation in Slums in India

Following the launch of the National Urban Sanitation Policy (NUSP, 2008), a number of initiatives were taken: states formulated their State Sanitation Strategies, and more than 150 cities drafted or are in the process of drafting the City Sanitation Plans (CSPs, by March 2014). The NUSP...

namma toilet_ Case Study
,
Tender Document and Agreement
Namma Toilet: A High Quality Toilet Solution., 2015.

Namma Toilet is an initiative by the Commisionarate of Municipal Administration, Tamil Nadu along with participation of Urbane Industries Ltd to eradicate open defecation in the State. The public and community toilets currently built by the government are rendered useless within a short period...

namma toilet_ Case Study
,
Tender Document and Agreement

Namma Toilet is an initiative by the Commisionarate of Municipal Administration, Tamil Nadu along with participation of Urbane Industries Ltd to eradicate open defecation in the State. The public and community toilets currently built by the government are rendered useless within a short period...

Guidelines for Swachh Bharat Mission
Guidelines for Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM). New Delhi, India: Ministry of Urban Development, Govt. of India, 2014.

The Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) emanates from the vision of the Government articulated in the address of The President of India in his address to the Joint Session of Parliament on 9th June 2014: “We must not tolerate the indignity of homes without toilets and public spaces littered with...

Guidelines for Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM). New Delhi, India: Ministry of Urban Development, Govt. of India, 2014.
Guidelines for Swachh Bharat Mission

The Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) emanates from the vision of the Government articulated in the address of The President of India in his address to the Joint Session of Parliament on 9th June 2014: “We must not tolerate the indignity of homes without toilets and public spaces littered with...

Swachh school
Swachh Bharat: Swachh Vidyalaya, A National Mission. New Delhi, India: Ministry of Human Resources Development, Government of India, 2014.

Swachh Bharat: Swachh Vidyalaya is the national campaign driving ‘Clean India: Clean Schools’. A key feature of the campaign is to ensure that every school in India has a set of functioning and well maintained water, sanitation and hygiene facilities. Water, sanitation and hygiene in schools...

Swachh Bharat: Swachh Vidyalaya, A National Mission. New Delhi, India: Ministry of Human Resources Development, Government of India, 2014.
Swachh school

Swachh Bharat: Swachh Vidyalaya is the national campaign driving ‘Clean India: Clean Schools’. A key feature of the campaign is to ensure that every school in India has a set of functioning and well maintained water, sanitation and hygiene facilities. Water, sanitation and hygiene in schools...

Community Managed Sanitation Complexes
Sadhukhan, Bedoshruti, Ritu Thakur, and Soumya Chaturvedula. Community Managed Sanitation Complexes, Tiruchirapalli In Case Study., 2012.

Due to inadequate sanitation facilities and a lack of hygiene education, by the late 1990s, the urban poor within the City of Tiruchirapalli were subject to frequent outbreaks of water borne diseases. A lack of maintenance, rather than existence of toilet facilities, was identified as the main...

Community Managed Sanitation Complexes

Due to inadequate sanitation facilities and a lack of hygiene education, by the late 1990s, the urban poor within the City of Tiruchirapalli were subject to frequent outbreaks of water borne diseases. A lack of maintenance, rather than existence of toilet facilities, was identified as the main...

Urine diversion dry toilets in multi-storey buildings
McConville, Jennifer, and Arno Rosemarin. Urine diversion dry toilets and greywater system, Erdos City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSan), 2012.

The EETP initiated by the Dongsheng District Government and the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) has adopted the approach of sustainable sanitation in multi-storey buildings in an urban large-scale implementation for 3,000 residents. Urine diversion dry toilets (with bins in the basement),...

Urine diversion dry toilets in multi-storey buildings

The EETP initiated by the Dongsheng District Government and the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) has adopted the approach of sustainable sanitation in multi-storey buildings in an urban large-scale implementation for 3,000 residents. Urine diversion dry toilets (with bins in the basement),...

Susan compilation 25
von Muench, Dr. Elisabeth. Compilation of 25 case studies on sustainable sanitation projects from Africa. Eschborn: Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA), 2012.

The SuSanA publishes case studies of sustainable sanitation projects to demonstrate the wide range of possible systems for sustainable sanitation systems. The case study collection comprises project examples from developing and industrialised countries, high and low tech systems, urban and rural...

Susan compilation 25

The SuSanA publishes case studies of sustainable sanitation projects to demonstrate the wide range of possible systems for sustainable sanitation systems. The case study collection comprises project examples from developing and industrialised countries, high and low tech systems, urban and rural...

Health
Roma, Dr Elisa, and Isabelle Pugh. Toilets For Health. Unilever, 2012.

“Despite the scale of the crisis, sanitation remains a low priority for governments and recent efforts to address this fall far short of what is required. Progress depends on adequate investment and collaborative action across developing country and donor governments, civil society, multilateral...

Health

“Despite the scale of the crisis, sanitation remains a low priority for governments and recent efforts to address this fall far short of what is required. Progress depends on adequate investment and collaborative action across developing country and donor governments, civil society, multilateral...

Sub-Saharan Africa sanitation case studies
Compilation of 27 case studies on sustainable sanitation projects from Sub-Sahara Africa. Eschborn, Germany: Sustainable Sanitation Alliance, 2011.

The Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA) publishes case studies of sustainable sanitation projects from around the world to demonstrate the wide range of available technologies for sustainable sanitation systems. This case study book only comprises those project examples which are from sub-...

Compilation of 27 case studies on sustainable sanitation projects from Sub-Sahara Africa. Eschborn, Germany: Sustainable Sanitation Alliance, 2011.
Sub-Saharan Africa sanitation case studies

The Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA) publishes case studies of sustainable sanitation projects from around the world to demonstrate the wide range of available technologies for sustainable sanitation systems. This case study book only comprises those project examples which are from sub-...

SusanA compilation (24 cases)
Compilation of 24 SuSanA Case Studies. Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA), 2009.

The SuSanA publishes case studies of sustainable sanitation projects to demonstrate the wide range of possible systems for sustainable sanitation systems. The case study collection comprises project examples from developing and industrialised countries, high and low tech systems, urban and rural...

Compilation of 24 SuSanA Case Studies. Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA), 2009.
SusanA compilation (24 cases)

The SuSanA publishes case studies of sustainable sanitation projects to demonstrate the wide range of possible systems for sustainable sanitation systems. The case study collection comprises project examples from developing and industrialised countries, high and low tech systems, urban and rural...

Integrated low cost sanitation scheme (ILCS)
Integrated Low Cost Sanitation Scheme (ILCS). New Delhi: Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation, 2008.

The centrally sponsored scheme of Low Cost Sanitation for liberation of Scavengers started from 1960-61 initially through the Ministry of Home Affairs and later on through the Ministry of Welfare. From 1989-90 it came to be operated through the Ministry of Urban Development and later on through...

Integrated Low Cost Sanitation Scheme (ILCS). New Delhi: Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation, 2008.
Integrated low cost sanitation scheme (ILCS)

The centrally sponsored scheme of Low Cost Sanitation for liberation of Scavengers started from 1960-61 initially through the Ministry of Home Affairs and later on through the Ministry of Welfare. From 1989-90 it came to be operated through the Ministry of Urban Development and later on through...